Questions and Answers
What method displays pictures using a random scan monitor?
Which colors are produced by a medium-speed electron beam in the Beam–Penetration Method?
What is one disadvantage of the Beam–Penetration Method?
Which method allows for the display of realistic images due to its wider color range?
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What structure does the Shadow-Mask Method utilize to direct the electron beam?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Shadow-Mask Method?
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What limitation does an LCD have compared to traditional methods like the Shadow-Mask Method?
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What is a major disadvantage of the Shadow-Mask Method?
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What is the primary function of an output device?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of impact printers?
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What primarily differentiates character printers from line printers?
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How is the resolution of printers typically measured?
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Which of the following technologies is currently supported by many digital devices to connect to printers?
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Which type of printer uses a matrix of pins to print characters?
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Impact printers are particularly well-suited for which type of printing?
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What kind of contact do impact printers establish for printing?
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What is the primary purpose of color tables in visualization applications?
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How can grayscale levels be specified for display on monitors?
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What happens to an intensity input value near 0.33 in a four-level grayscale system?
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What allows a system to display a larger number of grayscale levels?
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Which of the following correctly describes an alternative scheme for storing intensity information?
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What is the primary purpose of converting world-coordinates to normalized device coordinates?
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Which of the following are considered output primitives in graphics systems?
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What is the main goal of standardizing graphics software?
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Which graphics software standard was the first to be adopted by the ISO?
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What extension does PHIGS provide over GKS?
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What is the function of control operations in a graphics system?
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PHIGS+ extends the capabilities of PHIGS by providing functionality for which of the following?
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Which of the following entities is NOT considered an output primitive in graphics functions?
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What are the primary disadvantages of CRT monitors?
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Which of the following is true about flat-panel displays?
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What distinguishes emissive displays from non-emissive displays?
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Which type of plotter uses a stationary position for the paper?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of a flatbed plotter?
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What is a common application of a plotter?
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Which of the following statements about drum plotters is correct?
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What is one of the advantages of using a flatbed plotter?
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Study Notes
Beam-Penetration Method
- Utilized in random scan monitors for picture display.
- Contains two phosphorus layers: Red and Green.
- Color displayed depends on electron beam penetration depth.
- High-speed electron beams excite the green layer, while slow beams excite only the red layer.
- Medium-speed beams produce orange and yellow by combining red and green.
- Advantages include better resolution, reduced cost, and affordability.
- Disadvantages include a limited color range (only four colors) and time consumption.
Shadow-Mask Method
- Used with raster scan monitors, commonly found in TVs and computer monitors.
- Displays a wider range of colors compared to the Beam-Penetration Method.
- Structure includes three phosphorus dots (Red, Green, Blue) for each pixel and three electron guns.
- Features a metal shadow mask with tiny holes to direct electron beams accurately to pixel dots.
- Produces realistic images with an in-line RGB arrangement.
- Limitations include alignment challenges of the electron beams and poor resolution.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
- Operates based on light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
- Common in watches and portable computers.
- Requires AC power, complicating circuit integration.
- Effective for displaying selected options, such as multiple-choice questions on answer sheets.
Output Devices
- Physical components of computers that provide outputs visible to users (e.g., printers, monitors).
- Printers are peripherals that represent graphics or text on paper, measured in dots per inch (dpi).
- Modern printers utilize wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Types of Printers
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Impact Printers: Establish physical contact between print head and paper; suitable for bulk printing.
- Characteristics: Low consumable cost, noisy operation.
- Types include Character Printers (e.g., Dot Matrix and Daisy Wheel) and Line Printers.
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Dot Matrix Printer: Forms characters using a matrix of pins creating dot patterns; popular for cost-effectiveness.
Flat-Panel Display Monitor
- Compared to CRT monitors, flat-panel displays are lighter, thinner, and require less power.
- Categories include:
- Emissive Displays: Convert electrical energy to light (e.g., Plasma, LED).
- Non-Emissive Displays: Use optical effects to create graphics (e.g., LCD).
Plotters
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Specialized output devices for large formats, used for engineering diagrams and architectural plans.
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Flatbed Plotter: Stationary paper; draws large designs with multiple ink colors.
- Advantages: Can use larger papers, offers high-quality drawings.
- Disadvantages: Slower and more expensive than printers.
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Drum Plotter: Uses a roll of paper on a cylindrical drum; moves back and forth for printing with multiple pens.
Graphic Functions and Software Standards
- Graphics packages offer functions for creating and manipulating images, focusing on output primitives (geometry entities).
- Graphical Kernel System (GKS): First graphics software standard for 2D & later 3D graphics.
- PHIGS: Extension of GKS, enhancing object modeling, color specifications, and picture manipulation, with an enhanced version PHIGS+ for 3D surface shading.
Grayscale
- Systems without color capability can use numeric values (0 to 1) to set grayscale shades for primitives.
- Grayscale systems can accommodate varying levels (e.g., 8 bits for 256 shades).
- Intensity settings adapt to different systems by storing grayscale values appropriately in the raster.
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Description
Explore the Beam-Penetration Method used in random scan monitors for color display. This method utilizes two phosphorus layers, red and green, to create images based on the electron beam's speed and penetration depth. Test your understanding of the principles and applications behind this fascinating technology.
