STI

Questions and Answers

What anatomical location is associated with the Bartholin glands?

At 1 and 11 o'clock positions

At 12 and 6 o'clock positions

At 3 and 9 o'clock positions

At 5 and 7 o'clock positions (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of a Bartholin duct cyst?

Excessive hydration (correct)

Infection

Trauma

Congenitally narrowed ducts

What is the recommended management for a Bartholin's cyst?

Marsupialization (correct)

Oral antibiotics

Surgical excision

Topical antiseptics

Which method is used to diagnose Pediculosis (phthirus pubis)?

Direct microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the active ingredient in the alternative treatment for Scabies for children?

Ivermectin 200 μg/kg Signup and view all the answers

Which step is involved in the diagnosis of Scabies?

Scratch technique with microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What organism is responsible for the etiology of syphilis?

Treponema pallidum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the chancre (hallmark lesion of primary syphilis) is accurate?

It is a painless ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of ulcers in chancroid?

Painful and tender with ragged edges Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is recommended for managing genital herpes during a second clinical episode?

Acyclovir 800 mg BID x 5 days Signup and view all the answers

Identify the condition characterized by a beefy red ulcer with fresh granulation tissue.

Donovanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is associated with the pathognomonic 'school of fish' appearance in microscopy?

Haemophilus ducreyi Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard laboratory method for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis?

Gram Stain Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) from other sexually transmitted infections?

Groove sign Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative treatment option for late latent phase and tertiary syphilis?

Doxycycline 100 mg BID x 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Amsel criteria indicates bacterial vaginosis?

Clue cells on gram stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for trichomoniasis in men?

Tinidazole 2g PO in a single dose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes bacterial vaginosis?

It is caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is associated with a primary chancre in syphilis?

Painless ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark method used to diagnose Poxvirus-associated lesions?

Visual inspection and microscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a painful ulcer associated with the presence of Treponema pallidum?

Chancroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for Pediculosis (phthirus pubis) involving alternative treatments?

Malathion 0.5% lotion Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is not recognized in the progression of syphilis?

Congenital Signup and view all the answers

What approach is typically used for the management of Scabies?

Permethrin cream applied to all body areas Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes a Bartholin gland cyst from an abscess?

Painless swelling Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscopy technique is utilized for diagnosing Scabies?

Scratch technique Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common clinical manifestation of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy (buboes) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathognomonic finding in microscopy for Haemophilus ducreyi?

School of fish appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for a primary, secondary, or early latent phase of syphilis?

Benzathine penicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with the diagnosis of trichomoniasis?

Strawberry cervix appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Gardnerella vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

Which drug regimen is appropriate for managing late latent phase or tertiary syphilis?

Tetracycline 500 mg QID x 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis?

Gram stain Signup and view all the answers

What type of penicillin should be administered for neurosyphilis?

Aqueous crystalline penicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria is not part of the Amsel criteria used for bacterial vaginosis?

Yeast hyphae on KOH smear Signup and view all the answers

What can cause obstruction of the Bartholin duct, potentially leading to a cyst?

Congenital narrowing of ducts Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to manage a Bartholin's cyst effectively?

Marsupialization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized diagnosis method for identifying Scabies?

Scratch technique with microscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which is the hallmark lesion associated with primary syphilis?

Painless chancre Signup and view all the answers

How is Poxvirus, also known as Molluscum contagiosum, primarily diagnosed?

Microscopy of waxy nodules Signup and view all the answers

Which alternative treatment is typically used for managing Pediculosis (phthirus pubis)?

Malathion lotion Signup and view all the answers

In secondary syphilis, what type of lesion is typically observed?

Papulosquamous rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a painless chancre during the primary stage of syphilis?

It is a usual feature of primary syphilis Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic feature is specifically associated with chancroid?

Painful and tender ulcers with ragged edges Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathognomonic finding when microscopically examining Haemophilus ducreyi?

School of fish appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

Chlamydia trachomatis Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits the clinical manifestation of bacterial vaginosis?

Thin, milky white discharge with a fishy odor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an alternative treatment for the late latent phase and tertiary phase of syphilis?

Azithromycin 1 g orally single dose Signup and view all the answers

Which management option is recommended for donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)?

Azithromycin weekly for at least three weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard diagnostic method for bacterial vaginosis?

Gram stain Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended for the management of genital herpes during the first clinical episode?

Acyclovir 800 mg TID x 7-10 days Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature is associated with trichomoniasis?

Strawberry cervix or colpitis macularis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bartholin Gland Cyst and Abscess

Bartholin glands located at 5 and 7 o'clock positions of the vaginal entrance secrete mucus for vulvar lubrication.
Bartholin duct cyst caused by obstruction from infection, trauma, mucus changes, or congenital narrowing.
Management for Bartholin’s cyst includes marsupialization.

Vulvar Infection

Pediculosis (phthirus pubis) diagnosed via direct microscopy.
Treatment options for Pediculosis include:
- Permethrin 1% cream rinse or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide.
- Alternatives are malathion 0.5% lotion or oral ivermectin.
Scabies diagnosed using the scratch technique (microscopy).
Treatment for Scabies involves permethrin 5% cream or oral ivermectin.
Molluscum contagiosum is another name for poxvirus.
Diagnosis of poxvirus via visual inspection and microscopy showing intra-cytoplasmic bodies.

Genital Ulcers

Syphilis

Etiology of syphilis is Treponema pallidum.
Stages of syphilis: Primary, Secondary, Latent, Tertiary.
Hallmark lesion of primary syphilis is a painless chancre.
Secondary syphilis features vulvar lesions known as condyloma lata.
Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction can occur after syphilis treatment with febrile response.
Benzathine penicillin is used in early phases of syphilis treatment.
Aqueous crystalline penicillin is used for neurosyphilis, ocular, and otosyphilis.
Alternative treatments for primary, secondary, and early latent phases include doxycycline or tetracycline.
Doxycycline or tetracycline alternative treatments for late latent and tertiary phases.

Chancroid

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
Pathognomonic microscopic appearance termed "school of fish."
Chancroid characterized by painful, tender ulcers and tender inguinal adenopathy.
Management includes azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin.

Genital Herpes

Primary genital lesions caused primarily by HSV-2.
Common signs include vulvar burning, tenderness, and pruritus.
Most accurate diagnosis achieved through NAAT.
Acyclovir administered in varying doses for first and second clinical episodes.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Etiology linked to Chlamydia trachomatis.
Clinical hallmark includes unilateral tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy (buboes).
Pathognomonic signs in LGV include buboes and groove sign.
Diagnosis via culture, direct immunofluorescence, or NAAT.
Treatment primarily involves doxycycline or alternatives like azithromycin or erythromycin.

Donovanosis

Donovanosis also known as granuloma inguinale.
Caused by Klebsiella granulomatosis with pathognomonic beefy red ulcers and pseudo-bubos.
Diagnosis performed through microscopy using silver stain.
Treatment options include azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin.

Vaginitis

Bacterial Vaginosis

Occurs due to replacement of normal lactobacillus with anaerobic bacteria, primarily Gardnerella vaginalis.
Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed using Amsel criteria, requiring 3 out of 4 features.
Gold standard laboratory method is gram stain.
Treatment regimen includes metronidazole or clindamycin.

Trichomoniasis

Etiology linked to Trichomonas vaginalis.
Pathognomonic appearance includes strawberry cervix (colpitis macularis).
Diagnosis via NAAT and culture.
Treatment varies for women and men with metronidazole or alternatives like tinidazole.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)

Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed by identifying hyphal elements on KOH smear.
Management includes clotrimazole cream for intravaginal use.

Bartholin Gland Cyst and Abscess

Bartholin glands located at 5 and 7 o'clock positions of the vaginal entrance secrete mucus for vulvar lubrication.
Bartholin duct cyst caused by obstruction from infection, trauma, mucus changes, or congenital narrowing.
Management for Bartholin’s cyst includes marsupialization.

Vulvar Infection

Pediculosis (phthirus pubis) diagnosed via direct microscopy.
Treatment options for Pediculosis include:
- Permethrin 1% cream rinse or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide.
- Alternatives are malathion 0.5% lotion or oral ivermectin.
Scabies diagnosed using the scratch technique (microscopy).
Treatment for Scabies involves permethrin 5% cream or oral ivermectin.
Molluscum contagiosum is another name for poxvirus.
Diagnosis of poxvirus via visual inspection and microscopy showing intra-cytoplasmic bodies.

Genital Ulcers

Syphilis

Etiology of syphilis is Treponema pallidum.
Stages of syphilis: Primary, Secondary, Latent, Tertiary.
Hallmark lesion of primary syphilis is a painless chancre.
Secondary syphilis features vulvar lesions known as condyloma lata.
Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction can occur after syphilis treatment with febrile response.
Benzathine penicillin is used in early phases of syphilis treatment.
Aqueous crystalline penicillin is used for neurosyphilis, ocular, and otosyphilis.
Alternative treatments for primary, secondary, and early latent phases include doxycycline or tetracycline.
Doxycycline or tetracycline alternative treatments for late latent and tertiary phases.

Chancroid

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
Pathognomonic microscopic appearance termed "school of fish."
Chancroid characterized by painful, tender ulcers and tender inguinal adenopathy.
Management includes azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin.

Genital Herpes

Primary genital lesions caused primarily by HSV-2.
Common signs include vulvar burning, tenderness, and pruritus.
Most accurate diagnosis achieved through NAAT.
Acyclovir administered in varying doses for first and second clinical episodes.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Etiology linked to Chlamydia trachomatis.
Clinical hallmark includes unilateral tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy (buboes).
Pathognomonic signs in LGV include buboes and groove sign.
Diagnosis via culture, direct immunofluorescence, or NAAT.
Treatment primarily involves doxycycline or alternatives like azithromycin or erythromycin.

Donovanosis

Donovanosis also known as granuloma inguinale.
Caused by Klebsiella granulomatosis with pathognomonic beefy red ulcers and pseudo-bubos.
Diagnosis performed through microscopy using silver stain.
Treatment options include azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin.

Vaginitis

Bacterial Vaginosis

Occurs due to replacement of normal lactobacillus with anaerobic bacteria, primarily Gardnerella vaginalis.
Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed using Amsel criteria, requiring 3 out of 4 features.
Gold standard laboratory method is gram stain.
Treatment regimen includes metronidazole or clindamycin.

Trichomoniasis

Etiology linked to Trichomonas vaginalis.
Pathognomonic appearance includes strawberry cervix (colpitis macularis).
Diagnosis via NAAT and culture.
Treatment varies for women and men with metronidazole or alternatives like tinidazole.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)

Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed by identifying hyphal elements on KOH smear.
Management includes clotrimazole cream for intravaginal use.

Bartholin Gland Cyst and Abscess

Bartholin glands located at 5 and 7 o'clock positions of the vaginal entrance secrete mucus for vulvar lubrication.
Bartholin duct cyst caused by obstruction from infection, trauma, mucus changes, or congenital narrowing.
Management for Bartholin’s cyst includes marsupialization.

Vulvar Infection

Pediculosis (phthirus pubis) diagnosed via direct microscopy.
Treatment options for Pediculosis include:
- Permethrin 1% cream rinse or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide.
- Alternatives are malathion 0.5% lotion or oral ivermectin.
Scabies diagnosed using the scratch technique (microscopy).
Treatment for Scabies involves permethrin 5% cream or oral ivermectin.
Molluscum contagiosum is another name for poxvirus.
Diagnosis of poxvirus via visual inspection and microscopy showing intra-cytoplasmic bodies.

Genital Ulcers

Syphilis

Etiology of syphilis is Treponema pallidum.
Stages of syphilis: Primary, Secondary, Latent, Tertiary.
Hallmark lesion of primary syphilis is a painless chancre.
Secondary syphilis features vulvar lesions known as condyloma lata.
Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction can occur after syphilis treatment with febrile response.
Benzathine penicillin is used in early phases of syphilis treatment.
Aqueous crystalline penicillin is used for neurosyphilis, ocular, and otosyphilis.
Alternative treatments for primary, secondary, and early latent phases include doxycycline or tetracycline.
Doxycycline or tetracycline alternative treatments for late latent and tertiary phases.

Chancroid

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
Pathognomonic microscopic appearance termed "school of fish."
Chancroid characterized by painful, tender ulcers and tender inguinal adenopathy.
Management includes azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin.

Genital Herpes

Primary genital lesions caused primarily by HSV-2.
Common signs include vulvar burning, tenderness, and pruritus.
Most accurate diagnosis achieved through NAAT.
Acyclovir administered in varying doses for first and second clinical episodes.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Etiology linked to Chlamydia trachomatis.
Clinical hallmark includes unilateral tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy (buboes).
Pathognomonic signs in LGV include buboes and groove sign.
Diagnosis via culture, direct immunofluorescence, or NAAT.
Treatment primarily involves doxycycline or alternatives like azithromycin or erythromycin.

Donovanosis

Donovanosis also known as granuloma inguinale.
Caused by Klebsiella granulomatosis with pathognomonic beefy red ulcers and pseudo-bubos.
Diagnosis performed through microscopy using silver stain.
Treatment options include azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin.

Vaginitis

Bacterial Vaginosis

Occurs due to replacement of normal lactobacillus with anaerobic bacteria, primarily Gardnerella vaginalis.
Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed using Amsel criteria, requiring 3 out of 4 features.
Gold standard laboratory method is gram stain.
Treatment regimen includes metronidazole or clindamycin.

Trichomoniasis

Etiology linked to Trichomonas vaginalis.
Pathognomonic appearance includes strawberry cervix (colpitis macularis).
Diagnosis via NAAT and culture.
Treatment varies for women and men with metronidazole or alternatives like tinidazole.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)

Not sexually transmitted.
Diagnosed by identifying hyphal elements on KOH smear.
Management includes clotrimazole cream for intravaginal use.

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Description

Explore the causes, anatomy, and functions of the Bartholin glands, which play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal lubrication. This quiz covers the development of Bartholin duct cysts, including contributing factors such as infection and trauma. Test your knowledge about these important anatomical structures.