Questions and Answers
What is egocentrism?
Tendency to see reality as centered on oneself; egocentrics are selfish, self-absorbed people who view their interests as superior.
What is self-interested thinking?
What is sociocentrism?
Group-centered thinking that can hinder rational thinking by focusing excessively on the group.
What does group bias refer to?
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What is an unwarranted assumption?
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What does stereotype refer to?
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What is a hasty generalization?
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What is relativistic thinking?
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What is subjectivism?
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What is cultural relativism?
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What is conformism?
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What is superiority bias?
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What does moral subjectivism refer to?
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What does cultural moral relativism indicate?
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What is wishful thinking?
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Study Notes
Barriers to Critical Thinking
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Egocentrism: Tendency to perceive reality as centered around oneself, leading to self-absorption and viewing personal interests as superior to others.
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Self-interested thinking: A form of egocentrism where individuals accept beliefs that align with their self-interests, prioritizing personal benefits over objective reasoning.
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Sociocentrism: Focus on group-centered thinking, which can obstruct rational analysis by prioritizing group cohesion and perspectives.
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Group Bias: A type of sociocentrism where individuals perceive their own group as superior compared to others, reinforcing in-group favoritism.
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Unwarranted assumptions: Beliefs accepted without evidence or proof, which can distort perceptions. An example is assuming meteorological predictions without verification.
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Stereotypes: A category of unwarranted assumptions where opinions about individuals are shaped based on their group memberships rather than personal attributes.
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Hasty Generalization: Drawing conclusions about a broad category based on insufficient or limited evidence, often leading to inaccurate stereotypes.
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Relativistic thinking: The notion that truth is subjective and varies between individuals and contexts, undermining objective reasoning.
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Subjectivism: A subset of relativistic thinking where truth is defined by individual beliefs, resulting in conflicting views (e.g., differing opinions on abortion).
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Cultural relativism: Perspective asserting that truth is determined by societal or cultural beliefs, meaning what is true varies by context (e.g., differing cultural norms on social issues).
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Conformism: A type of sociocentrism characterized by the tendency to follow group norms or authority without critical examination, leading to unreflective compliance.
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Superiority bias: A form of egocentrism where individuals overestimate their competencies or moral standings, leading to inflated self-worth.
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Moral Subjectivism: A viewpoint on moral relativism suggesting that what is considered morally right or wrong can differ by individual opinion.
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Cultural Moral relativism: Like moral subjectivism, but rooted in cultural beliefs, illustrating that moral truths can vary significantly between different societies.
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Wishful thinking: A cognitive bias where individuals believe positive outcomes will occur without evidence; often results in unrealistic expectations (e.g., assuming personal immunity to risks).
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Description
Explore the key barriers to critical thinking with these flashcards. Learn about concepts like egocentrism and self-interested thinking, which can distort rational judgment. Enhance your understanding of how personal bias affects decision-making.
