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Questions and Answers
What is the size range of bacteria?
What is the size range of bacteria?
All bacteria are non-motile.
All bacteria are non-motile.
False
Name the type of bacteria that occurs in chains after repeated division.
Name the type of bacteria that occurs in chains after repeated division.
Streptococci
Bacteria that move using _______ have one or many flagella as an organ of movement.
Bacteria that move using _______ have one or many flagella as an organ of movement.
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Which of the following is NOT a morphology of bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a morphology of bacteria?
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Match the type of bacterial movement with its description:
Match the type of bacterial movement with its description:
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The ___________ bacteria are characterized by having many flagella surrounding the cell.
The ___________ bacteria are characterized by having many flagella surrounding the cell.
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List one condition where bacteria can adapt to live.
List one condition where bacteria can adapt to live.
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What process allows bacteria to reproduce by dividing rapidly?
What process allows bacteria to reproduce by dividing rapidly?
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Sexual reproduction is the most common type of reproduction in bacteria.
Sexual reproduction is the most common type of reproduction in bacteria.
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What are the two main cycles in which bacteria play a significant role?
What are the two main cycles in which bacteria play a significant role?
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Endospores can resist high temperature and high ___.
Endospores can resist high temperature and high ___.
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Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria?
Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria?
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Saprophytic bacteria feed on living organisms.
Saprophytic bacteria feed on living organisms.
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What do Chemoheterotrophs consume?
What do Chemoheterotrophs consume?
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Match the following bacteria-related processes with their descriptions:
Match the following bacteria-related processes with their descriptions:
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Which of the following structures is NOT a part of a bacterial cell?
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of a bacterial cell?
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All bacteria are autotrophic and can synthesize their own food.
All bacteria are autotrophic and can synthesize their own food.
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What type of bacteria are known for living in mutually beneficial relationships with other organisms?
What type of bacteria are known for living in mutually beneficial relationships with other organisms?
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The process described as _____ photosynthesis occurs in photoautotrophic bacteria because oxygen is not released.
The process described as _____ photosynthesis occurs in photoautotrophic bacteria because oxygen is not released.
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Match the following types of bacteria with their descriptions:
Match the following types of bacteria with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of chemosynthetic bacteria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of chemosynthetic bacteria?
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Name a type of bacteria that manufactures organic compounds by oxidizing ammonia into nitrates.
Name a type of bacteria that manufactures organic compounds by oxidizing ammonia into nitrates.
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Heterotrophic bacteria can produce their own food from inorganic substances.
Heterotrophic bacteria can produce their own food from inorganic substances.
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What is the primary purpose of nitrification in the nitrogen cycle?
What is the primary purpose of nitrification in the nitrogen cycle?
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Denitrification results in the release of nitrogen gas into the atmosphere.
Denitrification results in the release of nitrogen gas into the atmosphere.
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Name a microorganism used in bioremediation to decompose toxic waste.
Name a microorganism used in bioremediation to decompose toxic waste.
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Microbial insecticides can be used to control insect pests through the use of certain __________.
Microbial insecticides can be used to control insect pests through the use of certain __________.
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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Which bacterium is commonly used to produce yogurt?
Which bacterium is commonly used to produce yogurt?
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Bacteria are only harmful and do not have any beneficial uses.
Bacteria are only harmful and do not have any beneficial uses.
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During which process do heterotrophic bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite?
During which process do heterotrophic bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite?
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Study Notes
Bacteria: Characteristics and Morphology
- Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms.
- Their size ranges from 1 to 15 microns.
- They are the most abundant organisms on Earth.
- They can adapt to various conditions, including cold regions, hot regions, high mountains, high salt concentration, dry places, stomach acid, vinegar, and the absence of oxygen in boiling water.
Bacterial Shapes
- Bacteria come in four main shapes: spherical, rod-shaped, spiral-shaped, and filamentous.
Spherical-shaped (Cocci)
- Micrococci: occur as single cells.
- Diplococci: occur in pairs.
- Tetracocci: occur in fours.
- Sarcinae: occur in eights.
- Streptococci: occur in chains.
- Staphylococci: occur in clusters.
Rod-shaped (Bacilli)
- Single bacilli: occur singly.
- Diplobacilli: occur in pairs.
- Streptobacilli: occur in chains
Spiral-shaped
- Vibrios: comma-shaped.
- Spirilla: less twisted.
- Spirochaetes: much twisted.
Filamentous
- Actinomycetes: branched filaments similar to fungi.
Bacterial Motility
- Bacteria can be motile or non-motile.
- Most cocci are non-motile.
- Motile bacilli and spiral-shaped bacteria move by creeping or swimming.
- Creeping: movement by contractions.
- Swimming: movement by flagella.
- Flagella types: monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrichous, based on number and position.
Bacterial Structure
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasmic membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Flagellum
- Fimbriae
- Nuclear material
Bacterial Nutrition
- Autotrophic bacteria: synthesize their own food.
- Photoautotrophic: use light energy.
- Chemoautotrophic: use chemical energy.
- Nitrifying bacteria
- Sulphur bacteria
- Iron bacteria
- Heterotrophic bacteria: obtain nutrients from other sources.
- Symbiotic bacteria: live in a mutually beneficial relationship with other organisms. (e.g.: Rhizobium in root nodules).
- Saprophytic bacteria: feed on dead organic matter.
- Parasitic bacteria: obtain nutrients from living organisms, causing harm.
Bacterial Reproduction
- Vegetative reproduction: binary fission (rapid division).
- Asexual reproduction:conidia formation, endospores (specialization in unfavorable conditions to resist high temperatures, acidity and alkalinity).
- Sexual reproduction: conjugation (transfer of genetic material).
Types of Bacteria related to Human activities
- Biological Control
- Bioremediation
- Anaerobic Sewage Treatment
- Dairy products
- Bacteria and diseases
- Tooth decay and dental caries
Bacteria and the Cycles of Matter
- The Carbon Cycle: bacteria involved in decomposition, returning CO2 to the environment.
- The Nitrogen Cycle: nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, involving specific bacterial types.
Immunity
- Immunity: the body's resistance to invading microbes.
- Innate immunity: resistance specific to certain species.
- Acquired immunity: active or passive. Active Acquired: natural (catching a disease) or artificial (vaccinations). Passive Acquired: natural (mother to child) or artificial (antibodies).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics and morphology of bacteria, including their classification, shapes, and environmental adaptability. This quiz covers essential concepts to help you understand these prokaryotic microorganisms in detail.
