Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of interventions in managing long-term disease or disability?

Improving patient comfort

Preventing complications and deterioration (correct)

Curing the disease

Reducing medication costs

Which population is at a greater risk of dehydration and has limited access to medical care in cases of bacillary dysentery?

Young children

People living in urban areas

The elderly (correct)

Young adults

What is the primary symptom of cholera?

Vomiting

Profuse watery diarrhea (correct)

Fever

Severe headache

What is the causative agent of diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Japanese physician after whom the Shigella group is named?

Kiyoshi Shiga Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is particularly common in younger children living in the tropics and the orient?

Bacillary dysentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who carries an organism without apparent signs and symptoms but can transmit an infection to others?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the time between contact and the onset of signs and symptoms of a disease?

Incubation Period Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bacteria that allows them to move?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity of an organism?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course?

Symptomatology Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are capable of producing an infectious disease?

Opportunistic Pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Nasopharyngeal type of diphtheria?

Cervical lymph nodes are swollen and neck tissues are edematous Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate incubation period of Gonorrhea?

3-5 days Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diphtheria is considered the most severe and fatal?

Laryngeal Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of Gonorrhea in men?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrheae Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diphtheria affects the mucous membrane and any break in the skin?

Cutaneous or wound diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Minimizing Long-term Disease Effects

Interventions focus on preventing complications and deterioration in patients with long-term diseases or disabilities.

Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis/Bloody Flux)

Caused by bacteria of the Shigella group, named after Japanese physician Kiyoshi Shiga.
Common in younger children living in the tropics and the orient.
Signs and symptoms: weakness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.
Dehydration and lack of access to medical care pose a greater risk in the young and elderly.

Cholera (El Tor)

Acute bacterial enteric disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which produces a soluble toxin in the intestinal tract.
Signs and symptoms: profuse watery diarrhea, extreme loss of fluid and electrolytes, severe dehydration, excessive thirst, restlessness, confusion, and irritability.

Diphtheria

Acute bacterial disease that can infect the body in two areas: the throat (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria).
Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Klebs-Löffler Bacillus).
Signs and symptoms:
- Nasal: foul-smelling serosanguinous secretions from the nose.
- Types: tonsillar, nasopharyngeal, cervical, and laryngeal.

Definitions of Terms

Infection: a condition where the host interacts physiologically and immunologically with a microorganism.
Carrier: a person who carries the organism without apparent signs and symptoms, and can transmit the infection to others.
Symptomatology: the collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course.
Host: a person who provides living conditions to support a microorganism.
Incubation Period: the time between contact and the onset of signs and symptoms.
Virulence: the degree of pathogenicity of an organism.
Pathogens: a group of microorganisms.
Opportunistic Pathogens: microorganisms that can produce an infectious disease.

Agents of Infectious Diseases

Bacteria: autonomously replicating unicellular organisms called prokaryotes, lacking an organized nucleus.
Viruses: the smallest obligate intracellular pathogens, consisting of a protein coat (capsid) surrounding a nucleic acid core of RNA or DNA.
Fungi: free-living, eukaryotic saprophytes found in every habitat on earth.

Gonorrhea

Sexually transmitted bacterial infection involving the mucosal lining of the genitourinary tract, rectum, and pharynx.
Caused by Neisseria gonorrheae or gonococcus, a gram-negative coccus found in pairs.
Incubation period: 3-21 days, with an average of 3-5 days.
Symptoms in men:
- Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis.
- Burning sensation when urinating.
- Burning in the throat (due to oral sex).
- Painful or swollen testicles.
- Swollen glands in the throat (due to oral sex).

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Description

This quiz covers the causative agent, signs and symptoms, and prevention methods of Bacillary Dysentery, also known as Shigellosis. Test your knowledge of this common bacterial infection.