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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of interventions in managing long-term disease or disability?
Which population is at a greater risk of dehydration and has limited access to medical care in cases of bacillary dysentery?
What is the primary symptom of cholera?
What is the causative agent of diphtheria?
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What is the name of the Japanese physician after whom the Shigella group is named?
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Which bacterial infection is particularly common in younger children living in the tropics and the orient?
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What is the term for a person who carries an organism without apparent signs and symptoms but can transmit an infection to others?
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What is the term for the time between contact and the onset of signs and symptoms of a disease?
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What is the characteristic of bacteria that allows them to move?
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What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity of an organism?
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What is the term for the collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course?
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What type of organisms are capable of producing an infectious disease?
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What is the characteristic of the Nasopharyngeal type of diphtheria?
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What is the approximate incubation period of Gonorrhea?
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Which type of diphtheria is considered the most severe and fatal?
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What is the common symptom of Gonorrhea in men?
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What is the causative agent of Gonorrhea?
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Which type of diphtheria affects the mucous membrane and any break in the skin?
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Study Notes
Minimizing Long-term Disease Effects
- Interventions focus on preventing complications and deterioration in patients with long-term diseases or disabilities.
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis/Bloody Flux)
- Caused by bacteria of the Shigella group, named after Japanese physician Kiyoshi Shiga.
- Common in younger children living in the tropics and the orient.
- Signs and symptoms: weakness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.
- Dehydration and lack of access to medical care pose a greater risk in the young and elderly.
Cholera (El Tor)
- Acute bacterial enteric disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
- Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which produces a soluble toxin in the intestinal tract.
- Signs and symptoms: profuse watery diarrhea, extreme loss of fluid and electrolytes, severe dehydration, excessive thirst, restlessness, confusion, and irritability.
Diphtheria
- Acute bacterial disease that can infect the body in two areas: the throat (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria).
- Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Klebs-Löffler Bacillus).
- Signs and symptoms:
- Nasal: foul-smelling serosanguinous secretions from the nose.
- Types: tonsillar, nasopharyngeal, cervical, and laryngeal.
Definitions of Terms
- Infection: a condition where the host interacts physiologically and immunologically with a microorganism.
- Carrier: a person who carries the organism without apparent signs and symptoms, and can transmit the infection to others.
- Symptomatology: the collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course.
- Host: a person who provides living conditions to support a microorganism.
- Incubation Period: the time between contact and the onset of signs and symptoms.
- Virulence: the degree of pathogenicity of an organism.
- Pathogens: a group of microorganisms.
- Opportunistic Pathogens: microorganisms that can produce an infectious disease.
Agents of Infectious Diseases
- Bacteria: autonomously replicating unicellular organisms called prokaryotes, lacking an organized nucleus.
- Viruses: the smallest obligate intracellular pathogens, consisting of a protein coat (capsid) surrounding a nucleic acid core of RNA or DNA.
- Fungi: free-living, eukaryotic saprophytes found in every habitat on earth.
Gonorrhea
- Sexually transmitted bacterial infection involving the mucosal lining of the genitourinary tract, rectum, and pharynx.
- Caused by Neisseria gonorrheae or gonococcus, a gram-negative coccus found in pairs.
- Incubation period: 3-21 days, with an average of 3-5 days.
- Symptoms in men:
- Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis.
- Burning sensation when urinating.
- Burning in the throat (due to oral sex).
- Painful or swollen testicles.
- Swollen glands in the throat (due to oral sex).
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Description
This quiz covers the causative agent, signs and symptoms, and prevention methods of Bacillary Dysentery, also known as Shigellosis. Test your knowledge of this common bacterial infection.
