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Questions and Answers
The size of a frame is ______ bits.
193
A ______ Rate Interface is used for LANs or PBX.
Primary
The B and D channels are multiplexed using ______ TDM to create PRI frame.
synchronous
Network Terminator type 1 is abbreviated as ______.
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The maximum number of simultaneous connections supported by a Primary Rate Interface is ______.
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B-ISDN uses ______ technology over SONET based transmission units to provide data rates of 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps and beyond.
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PRI connects the subscriber directly using an ______ device, while ISDN BRI requires an NT1 device.
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ISDN services are grouped into three categories: Bearer services, ______ and supplementary services.
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Bearer services provide the means to transfer ______ between users.
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There are two kinds of services provided by ISDN: ______ services and Bearer services.
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ISDN can also handle ______ in addition to voice and fax.
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ISDN can also handle ______ in addition to voice and fax.
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For the user, it is completely transparent whether he is calling a GSM telephone, a conventional telephone or an ______ digital telephone.
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ISDN integrates all four services over the same ______.
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The essential difference between ISDN and the ordinary telephone system is that ISDN is ______, whereas the PSTN is analogue.
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The device inside an ISDN telephone that converts voice into digits is called a ______.
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There are two types of ISDN: ______ band ISDN and Broadband ISDN.
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N-ISDN carries data rating up to ______ kbps.
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In ISDN, there are two types of ______ : circuit switching and packet switching.
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The ______ is the device that provides a 4-W connection to the customer site and a 2-W connection to the network.
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TE2 is a ______ terminal, which requires a Terminal Adapter (TA) to connect with NT1.
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The ______ is used to identify individual interfaces between two elements of an ISDN installation.
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The B-Channel is an example of ______ switching.
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Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1) is an ______ aware equipment.
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B-ISDN provides two types of services: Interactive (______ or messaging or retrieval) and Distributive
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The ______ service is bidirectional.
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ISDN Protocol Reference Model is similar to ______ 7-layer model
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Link Access Protocol for D Channel is similar to ______ and LAPB
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E.164 is designed for ______ and allows up to 15 digits
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NT1 is the physical and electrical terminal of ______ at user
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Study Notes
ISDN Standards and Interfaces
- The ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) consists of 23 B channels (64 kbps) and 1 D channel (64 kbps) in the US, and 30 B channels (64 kbps) and 1 D channel (64 kbps) in Europe.
- The total data rate of a PRI is 1.544 Mbps in the US and 2.048 Mbps in Europe.
ISDN Frame Format
- A PRI frame consists of 193 bits.
- The frame is created by multiplexing the B and D channels using synchronous TDM.
- The frame rate is 8000 frames per second, resulting in a total data rate of 1.544 Mbps.
ISDN Services
- ISDN services are grouped into three categories: bearer services, tele-services, and supplementary services.
- Bearer services provide the means to transfer information between users.
- Tele-services provide full communication capability by means of network functions, terminals, and dedicated network elements.
- Supplementary services modify or supplement a basic telecommunication service.
ISDN Applications
- ISDN can handle voice, fax, computer data, email, videoconferencing, remote broadcasting, and high-quality audio transmission in addition to voice.
- ISDN integrates all these services over the same network.
ISDN vs. PSTN
- ISDN is digital, whereas the PSTN is analog.
- ISDN signals are transmitted as a stream of bits, whereas PSTN signals are analog waves.
- ISDN provides benefits such as speed, multichanneling, and the ability to carry many types of calls.
ISDN Devices
- CODEC (Coder-Decoder) is a device inside an ISDN telephone that converts voice into digits.
- NT1 (Network Termination 1) provides a 4-W connection to the customer site and a 2-W connection to the network.
- NT2 (Network Termination 2) provides a 4-W connection to the customer site and a 2-W connection to the network.
- Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1) is ISDN-aware equipment, such as an ISDN phone.
- Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2) is a non-ISDN terminal that requires a Terminal Adapter (TA) to connect to ISDN.
ISDN Switching
- Switching is the process of moving data through a network.
- Types of switching in ISDN include circuit switching (routes voice or data) and packet switching (routes multiple data packets).
ISDN Functional Grouping and Reference Points
- ISDN functional grouping refers to the devices that enable users to access ISDN services.
- Reference points are labels used to identify individual interfaces between two elements of an ISDN installation.
- There are four types of reference points: R, S, T, and U.
B-ISDN
- B-ISDN (Broadband ISDN) provides high-bandwidth applications such as video.
- B-ISDN uses ATM technology over SONET-based transmission units to provide data rates of 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps and beyond.
ISDN Protocol Reference Model
- The ISDN protocol reference model is similar to the OSI 7-layer model.
- It has separate user, control, and management planes.
- Control planes handle signaling, and management planes handle network diagnosis, maintenance, and operation.
ISDN Protocol at UNI LAPD
- LAPD (Link Access Protocol for D Channel) is used for signaling messages.
- X.25 packets are transmitted in LAPD frames.
- LAPD is similar to HDLC and LAPB.
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Description
Test your knowledge of B-ISDN, a set of communication standards developed by the ITU to support high-bandwidth applications. Learn about the use of ATM technology and SONET transmission units, as well as the different categories of ISDN services, including bearer services, tele-services, and supplementary services.
