Lecture 6: B Cells
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Lecture 6: B Cells

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What is the purpose of secondary diversification in the germinal center?

  • To change the antigen specificity of B cells
  • To increase the affinity of B cells for antigens (correct)
  • To lower the specificity of antibodies produced
  • To prevent B cells from recognizing antigens

    • Which region of the germinal center is primarily responsible for somatic hypermutation?

  • Light zone
  • Dark zone (correct)
  • T follicular helper cells
  • Follicular dendritic cells

    • What does class switching in B cells involve?

  • Initiating V(D)J recombination in the B cell
  • Replacing one heavy chain constant region with another isotype (correct)
  • Altering the variable region of the antibody
  • Changing the antigen binding specificity of the B cell

    • Where do B cells migrate after undergoing somatic hypermutation?

    <p>Light zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to B cells with low affinity for antigens in the light zone of the germinal center?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells provide conditions for B cell differentiation and memory cell production in the germinal center?

    <p>T follicular helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cells in the germinal center receive signals for class switching?

    <p>Via CD40 and cytokines from T FH cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Affinity maturation' in the germinal center refers to the process of selecting mutated B cells based on their:

    <p>Affinity for antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Selecting for the survival of mutated B cells that have a high affinity for the antigen' primarily occurs during:

    <p>'Affinity maturation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to ensure that each B cell synthesizes only one heavy and one light chain?

    <p>Allelic exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TdT in B cells?

    <p>Adding nucleotides to cleaved strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are T FH cells predominantly found within the germinal center?

    <p>Light zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dendritic cell retains antigens in the light zone of the germinal center?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme recognizes gene segments during somatic hypermutation?

    <p>Recombinase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasmablasts?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that distinguishes the dark zone from the light zone in the germinal center?

    <p>Somatic hypermutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of conventional dendritic cells in the immune response?

    <p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of SCS macrophages in the germinal center?

    <p>Anchoring antigens like FDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of somatic hypermutation in B cells?

    <p>Increased affinity for antigens over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasma cells in the Germinal Center?

    <p>Stop expressing high levels of BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of memory B cells?

    <p>Express high levels of BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for deaminating cytidine residues in ssDNA during somatic hypermutation?

    <p>AID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of class switch recombination within the germinal center?

    <p>Increased affinity of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does somatic hypermutation mainly occur in the immunoglobulin variable regions?

    <p>V regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine signal determines the isotype produced during class switch recombination?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of affinity maturation in B cells?

    <p>Increased antibody affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and memory responses to antigens?

    <p>Different lymphocyte features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you best monitor immunological memory for T cells?

    <p>T cells reside in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if immunological memory is long-lived or short-lived?

    <p>The specific pathogen encountered</p> Signup and view all the answers

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