25 Questions
Why do antigens and lymphocytes travel to the lymph nodes?
To interact with dendritic cells and macrophages for immune response initiation
How do rare specific lymphocytes find their specific antigens?
By following a gradient of chemokines secreted by antigen-presenting cells
What is the primary function of the peripheral lymphoid tissues?
Filtering of lymph and trapping of antigens
How do lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes?
Through the HEV
Why is it important for lymphocytes to distinguish between self and non-self molecules?
To prevent autoimmune reactions
Where are antigens taken to allow lymphocytes to locate and react rapidly?
To the lymphoid organs
Which cell type picks up antigens of microbes from epithelia and other tissues and transports them to the lymph nodes?
Dendritic cells (DCs)
Where do lymph nodes concentrate the antigens of microbes entering through epithelia or colonizing tissues?
In draining lymph nodes
Which type of cells can present class I MHC-associated peptides to CD8+ T cells?
All nucleated cells
Where do protein antigens of microbes that live in the cytoplasm of infected cells enter for antigen processing?
Class I MHC pathway
What happens to pathogens once they are ingested by antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Processed in the endosome and displayed on MHCII
In the context of antigen presentation, what is required for antigens to be presented on MHCI?
Antigen needs to be in the cytosol
What is the role of classical DCs in the immune response?
Migrating to lymph nodes and presenting antigens to T cells
How are classical DCs activated for migration to lymph nodes?
Chemokines
What is the role of inflammatory cytokines in activating classical DCs?
Causing loss of adhesiveness for epithelia
What directs DCs towards lymph nodes during the immune response?
Chemokines produced by lymphatic endothelium
How do antigens and APCs enter the lymph nodes?
Through afferent lymphatic vessels
Where do B cells primarily go in the lymph nodes?
Follicle (B cell zone)
What is the function of M cells in the mucosal immune system?
Promote the transport of antigens from lumen to underlying tissues
Where are T lymphocytes concentrated in the spleen?
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths surrounding small arterioles
What is the role of dendritic cells and macrophages in the spleen?
Capture and concentrate blood-borne antigens
What is the main role of high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymph nodes?
Transport T and B cells into the lymph nodes
Where do most immune cells reside in cutaneous and mucosal immune tissues?
Underneath epithelial barriers
What percentage of the body's lymphocytes are typically found in cutaneous and mucosal tissues?
Approximately 25%
What role do cells in the lamina propria play in mucosal immune tissues?
Provide innate and adaptive immune responses
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
