30 Questions
What is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells in the activation of B cells?
To capture and present antigens to B cells in the lymphoid organs
What is the primary function of memory B cells in the humoral immune response?
To undergo clonal expansion and produce antibodies upon re-exposure to the same antigen
What is the primary mechanism by which affinity maturation of antibodies occurs in germinal centers?
Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells with higher affinity for the target antigen
What is the primary function of plasma cells in the humoral immune response?
To produce and secrete antibodies specific to the encountered antigen
Which of the following is a key step in the activation of B cells upon binding of antigens to their B cell receptors (BCRs)?
Clonal expansion of B cell clones specific to the encountered antigen
What is the primary role of germinal centers in the process of affinity maturation?
To provide a specialized microenvironment for somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells with higher affinity for the target antigen
Which type of B cells mainly interact with helper T cells in germinal centers for affinity maturation and class switching?
Follicular B cells
What is the primary immunoglobulin isotype generated by T-independent responses?
IgM
Which subset of B cells is specialized to respond to T-independent antigens?
Marginal zone B cells
What is a key difference between T-dependent and T-independent immune responses?
Affinity of antibodies
Where are follicular B cells primarily found?
Lymph nodes
What is the main disadvantage of T-independent responses compared to T-dependent responses?
Robustness and specificity
Which of the following is NOT a key function of helper T cells (Tfh) in the activation and differentiation of B cells?
Directly producing antibodies against the same antigen recognized by B cells
Which of the following structures within secondary lymphoid organs is primarily responsible for the affinity maturation of antibodies produced by B cells?
Germinal centers
What is the primary function of B cell receptors (BCRs) expressed on the surface of B cells?
Recognizing and binding to specific antigens
Which of the following statements about the activation of B cells in secondary lymphoid organs is FALSE?
Antigen binding to BCRs alone is sufficient for complete B cell activation
Which of the following immunoglobulin isotypes are primarily expressed as B cell receptors (BCRs) on the surface of naive B cells?
IgM and IgD
What is the primary function of plasma cells differentiated from activated B cells?
Secreting antibodies into the extracellular environment
What is the primary function of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in the context of B cell responses?
To migrate back to B cell follicles and interact with B cells, leading to the formation of germinal centers
What are germinal centers, and what crucial processes occur within them?
Germinal centers are specialized microenvironments within B cell follicles where B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching
What is the process of affinity maturation, and how does it contribute to the B cell response?
Affinity maturation is the process of somatic hypermutation of B cell receptor genes, leading to the selection of B cells with higher affinity for the antigen
What are extrafollicular foci, and how do they relate to the B cell response?
Extrafollicular foci are clusters of rapidly dividing B cells outside of germinal centers, formed upon interaction with helper T cells
What is the role of chemokine signals in the B cell response?
Chemokine signals facilitate the migration of activated B cells and CD4+ T cells towards each other within lymphoid organs
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of B cell receptors (BCRs) in the B cell response?
B cells recognize antigens via their BCRs
What is the primary role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in humoral immune responses?
To promote the formation of germinal centers and affinity maturation
What is the primary function of B cell follicles?
To provide a specialized microenvironment for Tfh-B cell interactions and germinal center formation
What is the primary function of germinal centers?
To serve as sites for the somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of B cells
What is the primary mechanism by which affinity maturation occurs in humoral immune responses?
Somatic hypermutation of antibody genes in activated B cells
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary humoral immune responses?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about T-independent and T-dependent humoral immune responses is correct?
T-independent responses involve the activation of naive B cells without T cell help
Explore how activated B cells and CD4+ T cells migrate towards each other in response to chemokine signals in lymphoid organs. Learn about the recognition of antigens by B cells via B cell receptors (BCRs) and antigen presentation by dendritic cells to T cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
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