Immune System Cells and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about B cells is correct?

  • B cells do not differentiate into any other cell type
  • B cells differentiate into plasma cells after attaching to an antibody
  • B cells differentiate into T cells after attaching to an antigen
  • B cells differentiate into plasma cells after attaching to an antigen (correct)

    • What is the primary function of T cells?

  • To secrete chemokines to bring other immune cells to the area or destroy infected cells (correct)
  • To develop in the red bone marrow
  • To store energy in the form of fat cells
  • To secrete antibodies

    • Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

  • To secrete the soluble antibodies (correct)
  • To develop in the red bone marrow
  • To secrete cell-killing granules
  • To mature in the thymus gland

    • What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?

    <p>To provide the innate immune response and act as the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lymphoid organs is correct?

    <p>Secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To filter pathogens from the blood and return excess fluid to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lymph move through the lymphatic system?

    <p>It moves by breathing, muscle contraction, and body movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?

    <p>Ingesting pathogens through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas of the body does NOT have lymph vessels?

    <p>Cornea of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>To produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of lymphatic vessels is correct?

    <p>They have a structure similar to veins, with three tunics and valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Allowing blood cells to directly enter tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen?

    <p>Acting as a filter for the blood, removing pathogens and old red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tonsils is correct?

    <p>Tonsils may be removed if they interfere with breathing or swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Providing immune protection in mucosal surfaces like the GI tract, lungs, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes germinal centers?

    <p>Sites within lymph nodes and nodules where B cells and plasma cells rapidly divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between lymphoid nodules and lymph nodes?

    <p>Lymph nodes have a fibrous capsule, while lymphoid nodules do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is antibody ineffective against some pathogens?

    <p>Antibody cannot get inside the cell to reach the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason pathogens can evade the immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious inherited type of immunodeficiency disease?

    <p>Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of an overactive immune response?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upcoming treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in the immune system?

    <p>Bring antigen to regional lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for suppressing other T cell immune responses?

    <p>Regulatory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasma cells in the immune system?

    <p>Secrete antibody until they die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody class is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune system?

    <p>Kill target cells by inducing apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during positive selection of thymocytes?

    <p>Thymocytes bind to class I antigen expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody class is able to cross the placenta to the fetus?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cells recognize antigens?

    <p>By not needing MHC and antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during clonal expansion of T cells in the immune response?

    <p>T cell divides rapidly by mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response has no delay and is much stronger upon secondary exposure to a pathogen?

    <p>Secondary exposure response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lymph fluid to move through the lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Contractions of skeletal muscles and breathing motions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacteals in the intestines?

    <p>To carry dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to the liver and bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

    <p>To act as a staging area for an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system's three phases?

    <p>Humoral response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To return excess fluid from the interstitial space to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which HIV weakens the immune system?

    <p>It destroys helper T cells by binding to their CD4 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with immediate allergic responses?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism behind erythroblastosis fetalis?

    <p>Maternal antibodies attacking the fetus due to a positive Rh factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in tissue and organ transplantation?

    <p>Matching the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system can control cancer?

    <p>Recognizing and eliminating mutated cells through cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why some pathogens can evade the immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells differentiate into plasma cells?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells travel the bloodstream seeking to destroy infected cells?

    <p>NK cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way pathogens enter a lymph node?

    <p>Afferent lymphatic vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

    <p>Communicate with other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell defends against parasites and viruses by phagocytosis?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T cells primarily undergo maturation?

    <p>Thymus gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein opens a pathway into infected cells for cell death induction by NK cells?

    <p>$\delta$-perforin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates yellow bone marrow from red bone marrow?

    <p>Energy storage as fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are involved in chemotaxis and wait for chemical signals to initiate their actions?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IgM antibodies?

    <p>To act as the first line of defense by binding antigens and activating the complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process ensures that self-reactive B cells are eliminated during their development?

    <p>Central tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which antibodies neutralize viruses?

    <p>Coating the virus, preventing it from binding to host cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the transfer of preformed antibodies to an individual?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which pathogens evade the immune system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most severe inherited immunodeficiency disease?

    <p>Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of regulatory T cells?

    <p>To suppress other T cells and regulate the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody class is present in breast milk and provides protection to infants?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune response?

    <p>To directly kill infected or cancerous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when antibody levels in the blood are inversely related to viral levels?

    <p>Seroconversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of opsonization?

    <p>To form pores in the pathogen membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines released by Th1 cells?

    <p>To draw macrophages to the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells bind to class 2 MHC molecules?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during clonal expansion of T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Rapid mitosis of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells leave the thymus as either helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Thymocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of class 1 MHC molecules in the body?

    <p>Found in many different cells to present antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of thymocytes that bind strongly with 'self' antigens during negative selection?

    <p>'Self' antigen recognition leads to apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Th2 cells contribute to the immune response?

    <p>-Release cytokines to draw B cells to the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significantly decreases during clonal selection of T cells in the thymus?

    <p>Apoptosis of T cell clones</p> Signup and view all the answers

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