Autonomic Nervous System: Divisions and Functions

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the approximate fatal dose of nicotine?

20 mg

80 mg

40 mg (correct)

60 mg

What is the primary effect of nicotine on skeletal muscles?

Relaxation

Paralysis

Stimulation

Depolarization (correct)

What is the name of the synthetic drug with partial agonist action at α4β2 nicotinic receptors?

Nicotine

Varenicline (correct)

Diazepam

Atropine

What is the primary treatment for acute nicotine toxicity?

Symptomatic treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential reproductive effect of chronic nicotine toxicity in women?

Premature birth with low birth weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replacement therapy in nicotine cessation?

To reduce nicotine cravings Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons innervate visceral effectors, such as cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands?

Ganglionic neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

To predominate during exertion, stress, or emergency Signup and view all the answers

Which autonomic division has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers?

Parasympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is primarily influenced by which two autonomic divisions?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of phentolamine in the penis?

It relaxes smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

It initiates/coordinates complex local visceral reflexes with no CNS input Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of action of beta-1 receptors?

Heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the SA node?

It causes tachycardia by blockade of vagal slowing Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve(s) carry parasympathetic fibers?

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the ciliary muscle?

It weakens contraction of the ciliary muscle, or cycloplegia Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of beta blockers on renin release?

They decrease renin release Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on salivary secretion?

It decreases salivary secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers?

They occupy beta receptors and competitively reduce receptor occupancy by catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the respiratory system?

It causes bronchodilation and reduces secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of some beta blockers, such as labetalol and pindolol?

They are partial agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the low bioavailability of propranolol?

It undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the genitourinary tract?

It relaxes smooth muscle of the ureters and bladder wall and slows voiding Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on thermoregulatory sweating in infants and children?

It suppresses thermoregulatory sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antimuscarinic therapy on the nicotinic effects of cholinesterase inhibition in cholinergic poisoning?

It reverses the muscarinic effects but has no effect on the nicotinic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of darifenacin and solifenacin over oxybutynin and trospium?

They have a greater selectivity for M3 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for oxybutynin in urologic surgery?

To relieve bladder spasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of Lomotil?

Atropine and diphenoxylate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with circulating cardiac M2 antibodies?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the muscarinic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?

It reverses the muscarinic effects Signup and view all the answers