Attributes and Approaches to Human Study
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What is the primary goal of secondary prevention?

  • To eliminate chronic diseases.
  • To halt the progress of disease at its incipient stage. (correct)
  • To create awareness about preventable diseases.
  • To provide comprehensive care for existing disabilities.
  • Which of the following interventions is NOT included under secondary prevention?

  • Early diagnosis of diseases.
  • Case finding programs.
  • Screening tests.
  • Vaccination against infectious diseases. (correct)
  • How does secondary prevention benefit the community?

  • By protecting potential contacts from infection and reducing disease spread. (correct)
  • By completely eradicating diseases.
  • By increasing public awareness of health risks.
  • By preventing complications from advanced diseases.
  • What is a critical aspect of secondary prevention in infectious diseases?

    <p>Reversing communicability before irreversible changes occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of disease does secondary prevention primarily target?

    <p>Early stages before irreversible changes occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of surveillance in disease monitoring?

    <p>To continuously scrutinize health factors and trends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an objective of disease surveillance?

    <p>To ensure public health policies are upheld (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'impairment' refer to in the context of disability?

    <p>Any loss or abnormality of physical function or structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does surveillance contribute to health management?

    <p>By providing information that can influence policies and health systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes disability in this context?

    <p>A restriction in the ability to perform activities normally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of rehabilitation for clients with permanent injuries?

    <p>Adjusting the way activities are performed to maximize abilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of facility would magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically be performed?

    <p>Freestanding diagnostic and treatment facilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of tertiary mental health prevention programs?

    <p>To reduce hospital admissions and enable independent living. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hospital focuses on specific conditions or age groups?

    <p>Specialty hospitals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of care focuses on patients whose diseases are not responsive to curative treatments?

    <p>Palliative care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of safety-net hospitals?

    <p>To provide care to low-income and uninsured populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the services of acute care hospitals?

    <p>Assistance for relatively short-term illness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of outpatient surgical units?

    <p>They allow patients to go home the same day after procedures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are included in internal variables regarding health?

    <p>Biologic, psychological, and cognitive dimensions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes illness from disease?

    <p>Illness is an individual's perception while disease is objective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes acute illness?

    <p>Symptoms appear abruptly and subside quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by healthcare adherence?

    <p>The extent to which an individual's behavior aligns with medical advice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'health behaviors' refer to?

    <p>Actions taken to improve overall health and prevent illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the subjective experience of illness?

    <p>It is a highly personal feeling understood only by the individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as a non-modifiable variable in health?

    <p>Biologic factors such as genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do acute illnesses typically resolve?

    <p>They are resolved without medical attention in most cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nurses when caring for chronically ill individuals?

    <p>To ensure clients understand and participate in their care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial step should a nurse take upon recognizing a client's non-adherence to a regimen?

    <p>Reassessing the suitability of the health advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for encouraging adherence in clients?

    <p>Criticize the client for not adhering to the regimen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'etiology' refer to in the context of disease?

    <p>The causation of a disease or condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage does an individual accept the sick role and seek confirmation from others?

    <p>Stage 2: Assumption of the sick role (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes a chronic illness?

    <p>It typically has a slow onset and lasts for six months or longer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of establishing a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client?

    <p>It fosters mutual understanding and responsibility, improving adherence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for effective encouragement of healthy behaviors in clients?

    <p>Providing positive reinforcement for small achievements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is health traditionally defined?

    <p>In terms of the presence or absence of disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasize in its definition of health?

    <p>Health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic related to the concept of health?

    <p>Striving towards optimal functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a basic aspect of wellness according to the provided content?

    <p>Self-responsibility for personal health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'well-being' refer to in the context of health?

    <p>A subjective perception of vitality and feeling well (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is health viewed according to Florence Nightingale's definition?

    <p>As a state of being well and utilizing personal powers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of health is NOT emphasized by the holistic view of health?

    <p>Complete absence of disease during assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the ongoing nature of health?

    <p>It is a continuous process of development and lifestyle adjustment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Concept of Health

    A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

    Absence of Disease

    Traditionally defined health as no symptoms or diseases.

    Wellness

    A state of well-being and optimal health.

    Personal Health Definition

    Individual perception of one's own health status.

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    WHO Definition of Health

    Health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

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    OLOF

    Optimum Level of Function, indicating high-level wellness.

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    Well-being

    Subjective perception of vitality and feeling well.

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    Self-responsibility in Wellness

    Taking charge of one’s own health and wellness.

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    Disability Limitation

    The constraints imposed by an impairment, affecting activities.

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    Disease Surveillance

    Continuous monitoring of disease occurrence and distribution.

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    Impairment

    Loss or abnormality of a physical or mental function.

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    Disability

    Inability to perform activities normally due to limitations.

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    Objectives of Surveillance

    Goals include tracking health trends and informing policy.

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    Chronic Illness

    A long-lasting condition that usually has a slow onset and lasts for 6 months or longer.

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    Non-Adherence

    Failure to follow a prescribed health regimen or advice.

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    Therapeutic Relationship

    A cooperative bond between nurse and client that promotes the client's control over their health.

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    Sickness vs. Disease

    Sickness is the social concept of illness; disease is the pathological condition.

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    Positive Reinforcement

    Encouraging healthy behaviors by providing praise or incentives.

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    Illness Behaviors

    Actions taken by individuals who are sick, like seeking confirmation of their condition.

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    Syndrome

    A group of symptoms that occur together frequently enough to form a recognized pattern.

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    Etiology

    The study of the causes or origins of a disease or condition.

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    Rehabilitation

    A process to help clients adjust activities after permanent injuries.

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    Freestanding diagnostic facilities

    Centers for imaging like MRI, independent from hospitals.

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    Tertiary mental health prevention

    Outreach programs ensuring medication adherence for mental disorders.

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    Specialty Hospitals

    Hospitals that cater to specific conditions or patient groups.

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    Acute care hospital

    Provides short-term assistance for clients with temporary illnesses.

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    Palliative care

    Total care focused on comfort for irreversible diseases.

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    Safety-net hospitals

    Hospitals providing care to low-income and vulnerable populations.

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    Outpatient surgical units

    Facilities performing surgeries without overnight hospital stays.

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    Overall Cost of Therapy

    The financial assessment of health treatment methods.

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    Health Behaviors

    Actions people take to maintain or improve their health.

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    Acute Illness

    An illness with symptoms that appear abruptly and last a short time.

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    Internal Variables

    Biologic, psychological, and cognitive dimensions affecting health.

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    Healthcare Adherence

    The degree to which a person's behavior aligns with medical advice.

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    Subjective Experience

    An individual’s unique interpretation of their symptoms.

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    Disregarding Recommendations

    Choosing not to follow medical advice or guidelines.

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    Secondary Prevention

    Action to halt disease progress in its early stages.

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    Levels of Prevention

    Framework categorizing actions to prevent disease and disabilities.

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    Natural History of Disease

    Stages a disease goes through from initial onset to resolution or death.

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    Early Diagnosis

    Identifying diseases at initial stages, often through screening tests.

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    Screening Tests

    Tests conducted to detect disease in asymptomatic individuals.

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    Study Notes

    Major Attributes of Man

    • Man is territorial, meaning they feel safe belonging to their family.
    • Man is an atomic being, rational, and thinking.
    • Man has the ability to communicate.
    • Man is unique but similar to other men.

    Major Attributes of Human Beings

    • Brain capacity for abstract thought and conceptualization.
    • Body shape adapted to survive varying climates.
    • Upright posture.
    • Family formation.
    • Tendency to establish and maintain territory.
    • Social interaction.
    • Use of clothing
    • Capacity for language and symbolic representation

    Approaches to Studying Man

    • Atomistic approach- studying man at the cellular, tissue, organ, and body systems levels.
    • Holistic approach- viewing man as an interconnected system with parts each greater than the sum of its parts.
    • Man is an open system, interacting constantly with the changing environment.
    • Man is a complete and independent being with 14 fundamental needs.

    Systems

    • Closed systems are isolated and do not allow external inputs or outputs.
    • Open systems interact with the environment, allowing for input and output.
    • Human systems are open systems with various inputs and outputs.

    Nursing Concepts of Man

    • Man as a biological being- comprised of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

    Health

    • Health is defined in terms of role, performance, and adjustment.
    • The American Nurses Association defines health and illness as human experiences.
    • Optimal health may coexist with illness.
    • Individuals define health differently.

    Wellness and Well Being

    • Wellness is high-level functioning, a dynamic process toward full potential and enjoyment.
    • Well-being is subjective perception of vitality and feeling well.

    Basic Components of Wellness

    • Environmental, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, social, and physical dimensions.

    Determinants/Factors Affecting Health

    • Physiological influences(genetics)
    • Age-related susceptibility illnesses
    • Environmental factors like toxins and climate
    • Lifestyles (habits, behaviors)
    • Socioeconomic factors(income)
    • Family and Cultural influences
    • Health services availability

    Health Belief Models

    • These models help determine an individual's likelihood of engaging in preventative health practices.
    • Health belief model, Health Locus of Control Model.
    • Individual perceptions of susceptibility to illness, the seriousness of the illness, and the effectiveness of treatments are key factors.

    Levels of Prevention

    • Pre-pathogenesis (primary prevention)- aimed at preventing disease before it occurs.
    • Pathogenesis (secondary prevention)- identifying disease early and intervening to prevent complications.
    • Pathogenesis (Tertiary prevention)- managing the effects of an existing disease to reduce or prevent further disability or complications.

    Stages of Illness

    • Incubation
    • Prodromal
    • Illness
    • Decline
    • Recovery

    Health-Illness Continua

    • A spectrum of possible health states ranging from "high wellness" to "death" with individuals moving back and forth on the continuum.

    Coping With Illness

    • Illness behaviors as coping mechanisms
    • Illness as a subjective experience.
    • Stages of the illness experience.
    • Impact of the illness on the individual and family.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the major attributes of man and human beings, including their unique characteristics and social interactions. It also delves into different approaches for studying human beings, such as the atomistic and holistic methods. Test your understanding of how humans are defined and analyzed in various contexts.

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