Concept of Man, Health, and Illness in Nursing

Study Notes

Concept of Man, Health, and Illness

Four major attributes define a human being: capacity for abstract thinking, family formation, territoriality, and verbal communication.
Nursing conceptualizes man as a being with biopsychosocial and spiritual well-being, constantly interacting with a changing environment.
Humans are unified wholes composed of interdependent parts, subsystems, and suprasystems, with innate reparative processes for health.
Fourteen fundamental needs for a complete life include breathing, eating, personal hygiene, communication, spiritual fulfillment, and more.
Basic human needs are universal, interrelated, and can be met in varied ways; their priorities can shift and may be influenced by both internal and external factors.
Man is viewed as a biological and symbolic unity of existence.

Maslow's Characteristics and Self-Actualization

Self-actualized individuals are open to new ideas, dedicated to their work, self-confident, and value privacy.
These individuals possess acceptance of reality and demonstrate emotional detachment when necessary.

Marie Jahoda’s Criteria for Mental Health

Mental health is characterized by a positive self-attitude and awareness of one's actions through introspection.
Healthy individuals possess a self-concept aligned with others' perceptions, self-acceptance, a stable identity, and a capacity for personal growth.

William Glasser’s Mental Health Needs

Mental health revolves around two essential needs: the need to love and be loved, and the need for self-worth.

Nursing as an Art and Science

Nursing can inspire and involves skills requiring dexterity and proficiency, integrating art and scientific knowledge.
Caring is a central element of nursing that creates possibilities, encompassing deep concern and nurturing activities.

Nursing Theories on Caring

Leininger’s Theory: Focuses on the understanding of cultural differences in care.
Ray’s Theory: Emphasizes the role and position's influence on care.
Roach’s Philosophy: Introduces 6 C's of caring: Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Conscience, Commitment, Comportment.
Boykin and Schoenhofer’s Nursing as Caring Theory: Centers on nurturing and valuing the other.
Watson’s Theory of Human Care: Identifies 10 carative factors essential for care.
Swanson’s Theory of Caring: Describes five processes: Knowing, Being with, Doing for, Enabling, Maintaining belief.

Elements of Wellness

Wellness includes a subjective perception of balance and harmony across various dimensions: Physical, Social, Emotional, Intellectual, Spiritual, Occupational, Environmental.
The three dimensions of wellness are Biological, Psychological, and Cognitive.

Health and Illness Concepts

Health is the complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being; dynamic and responsive to various factors.
Illness results from maladaptation to environmental factors, while disease is a pathological condition marking a failure to maintain homeostasis.
Common causes of disease include biological agents, inherited genetic defects, physical agents, chemical agents, and tissue responses to irritants.

Concept of Profession

A profession is organized around altruistic goals rather than materialistic motives.
Professional persons exhibit quality concern, self-direction, independent judgment, dedication, and commitment.

Nursing as a Profession

Nursing encompasses formal education, theoretical foundations, service, autonomy, a code of ethics, and caring principles.
Professional nursing integrates art and science acquired through basic education.

Components of a Good Personality

Personal appearance, including posture, grooming, and attire, contributes to professional persona.
Character—a foundation of moral values and beliefs—shapes professional integrity.

Virtues Emanating from Charity

Justice: Represents fairness in practice.
Prudence: Encourages living with sound judgment and perspective, guiding actions effectively.

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental attributes of human beings that influence health and illness. It delves into the biopsychosocial aspects, family dynamics, and the importance of language in cultural development. Understanding these concepts is essential for nursing professionals in providing holistic care.