Concept of Man, Health, and Illness in Nursing
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Maslow’s concept of a self-actualized person?

  • High self-confidence and self-respect
  • Acceptance of the world as it is
  • Openness to new ideas
  • Willingness to depend on others (correct)
  • According to the characteristics of basic human needs, which statement is accurate?

  • Priorities of needs cannot be altered.
  • External factors do not stimulate needs.
  • Needs may be interrelated and influenced by various factors. (correct)
  • Needs can only be met through cultural means.
  • What does William Glasser identify as essential for mental health?

  • The capacity for abstract thinking
  • The pursuit of independence and self-actualization
  • The ability to manage multiple relationships
  • The need to be loved and to feel worthwhile (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes defining a human being?

    <p>The ability to manipulate the environment completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following attributes reflects the view of man as a unified whole?

    <p>Parts are both interdependent and different from the total.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect best encapsulates the essence of caring in nursing?

    <p>It is an inherent feature of nursing practice and involves deep concern for the client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Theory of Human Care' proposed by Watson emphasize?

    <p>Ten carative factors that guide the nurturing of human relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an element of wellness?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the characteristics of a professional person, which attribute is essential?

    <p>Ability to make independent and sound judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 processes outlined in Swanson's Theory of Caring?

    <p>Knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concept of Man, Health, and Illness

    • Four major attributes define a human being: capacity for abstract thinking, family formation, territoriality, and verbal communication.
    • Nursing conceptualizes man as a being with biopsychosocial and spiritual well-being, constantly interacting with a changing environment.
    • Humans are unified wholes composed of interdependent parts, subsystems, and suprasystems, with innate reparative processes for health.
    • Fourteen fundamental needs for a complete life include breathing, eating, personal hygiene, communication, spiritual fulfillment, and more.
    • Basic human needs are universal, interrelated, and can be met in varied ways; their priorities can shift and may be influenced by both internal and external factors.
    • Man is viewed as a biological and symbolic unity of existence.

    Maslow's Characteristics and Self-Actualization

    • Self-actualized individuals are open to new ideas, dedicated to their work, self-confident, and value privacy.
    • These individuals possess acceptance of reality and demonstrate emotional detachment when necessary.

    Marie Jahoda’s Criteria for Mental Health

    • Mental health is characterized by a positive self-attitude and awareness of one's actions through introspection.
    • Healthy individuals possess a self-concept aligned with others' perceptions, self-acceptance, a stable identity, and a capacity for personal growth.

    William Glasser’s Mental Health Needs

    • Mental health revolves around two essential needs: the need to love and be loved, and the need for self-worth.

    Nursing as an Art and Science

    • Nursing can inspire and involves skills requiring dexterity and proficiency, integrating art and scientific knowledge.
    • Caring is a central element of nursing that creates possibilities, encompassing deep concern and nurturing activities.

    Nursing Theories on Caring

    • Leininger’s Theory: Focuses on the understanding of cultural differences in care.
    • Ray’s Theory: Emphasizes the role and position's influence on care.
    • Roach’s Philosophy: Introduces 6 C's of caring: Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Conscience, Commitment, Comportment.
    • Boykin and Schoenhofer’s Nursing as Caring Theory: Centers on nurturing and valuing the other.
    • Watson’s Theory of Human Care: Identifies 10 carative factors essential for care.
    • Swanson’s Theory of Caring: Describes five processes: Knowing, Being with, Doing for, Enabling, Maintaining belief.

    Elements of Wellness

    • Wellness includes a subjective perception of balance and harmony across various dimensions: Physical, Social, Emotional, Intellectual, Spiritual, Occupational, Environmental.
    • The three dimensions of wellness are Biological, Psychological, and Cognitive.

    Health and Illness Concepts

    • Health is the complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being; dynamic and responsive to various factors.
    • Illness results from maladaptation to environmental factors, while disease is a pathological condition marking a failure to maintain homeostasis.
    • Common causes of disease include biological agents, inherited genetic defects, physical agents, chemical agents, and tissue responses to irritants.

    Concept of Profession

    • A profession is organized around altruistic goals rather than materialistic motives.
    • Professional persons exhibit quality concern, self-direction, independent judgment, dedication, and commitment.

    Nursing as a Profession

    • Nursing encompasses formal education, theoretical foundations, service, autonomy, a code of ethics, and caring principles.
    • Professional nursing integrates art and science acquired through basic education.

    Components of a Good Personality

    • Personal appearance, including posture, grooming, and attire, contributes to professional persona.
    • Character—a foundation of moral values and beliefs—shapes professional integrity.

    Virtues Emanating from Charity

    • Justice: Represents fairness in practice.
    • Prudence: Encourages living with sound judgment and perspective, guiding actions effectively.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental attributes of human beings that influence health and illness. It delves into the biopsychosocial aspects, family dynamics, and the importance of language in cultural development. Understanding these concepts is essential for nursing professionals in providing holistic care.

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