Atorvastatin Herb and Dietary Interactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the prevalence of CYP2D6 functional deficiency in Caucasians and African Americans?

  • 7% (correct)
  • 10%
  • 15%
  • 3%

What is the effect of statins on LDL cholesterol levels?

  • 18-55% decrease (correct)
  • No effect
  • 30-40% increase
  • 5-10% increase

In which population is CYP2D6 functional deficiency rare?

  • Asians (correct)
  • Caucasians
  • African Americans
  • Hispanics

What is the most effective drug class for reducing LDL cholesterol levels?

<p>Statins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population are statins considered first-line therapy for dyslipidemia?

<p>Children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of statins?

<p>Muscle pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperlipidemia?

<p>An increase in the level of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme controls the early rate-limiting step in the production of cellular cholesterol?

<p>HMG–CoA reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bile acids' main function in the body?

<p>To break down or metabolize fats into small molecules called micelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cholesterol used to make?

<p>Bile acids and steroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication type is used to reduce blood lipid levels?

<p>Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fats break down into in the stomach?

<p>Fatty acids, lipids, and cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cholestyramine in reducing serum cholesterol levels?

<p>Promoting the excretion of bile acids in the feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of cholestyramine?

<p>Flatulence and abdominal discomfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cholestyramine contraindicated in people with complete biliary obstruction?

<p>Bile is not secreted into the intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing implication is important when administering cholestyramine with other drugs?

<p>Administering the other drugs 1 hour before cholestyramine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population should caution be exercised when using cholestyramine due to the risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?

<p>Patients with renal impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intended effect of using cholestyramine along with a statin drug?

<p>Reducing LDL cholesterol levels further (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing of administration for statins like atorvastatin?

<p>At any time of the day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of atorvastatin therapy?

<p>Muscle pain or weakness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of monitoring liver function in patients taking statins?

<p>To detect liver damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods may decrease the effects of atorvastatin?

<p>Oat bran (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class has the ability to reduce LDL cholesterol without being absorbed when taken orally?

<p>Bile acid sequestrants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of dyslipidemic drugs?

<p>To lower high concentrations of fats in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is recommended as first-line therapy in patients with PAD for secondary prevention and cardiovascular risk reduction?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statin is useful for treating dyslipidemia and is an overall tool in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?

<p>Atorvastatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme inhibited by statins to decrease hepatic synthesis of cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications may have an increased risk of drug interactions and problems with certain foods, such as grapefruit juice?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to decrease total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, while possibly increasing HDL cholesterol levels?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical condition may warrant the use of vitamin niacin in specific situations?

<p>High triglyceride level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of fibrates?

<p>High serum triglyceride levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment?

<p>Fenofibrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of fibrates?

<p>Gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population should be closely monitored when using fibrates due to the risk of renal disease as a serious complication?

<p>Patients with diabetes mellitus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of fibrates in reducing cholesterol levels?

<p>Decreasing VLDL cholesterol production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction increases the risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis when used concurrently with fenofibrate?

<p>Statins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main excretion route for fenofibrate?

<p>Renal elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of fibrates in patients with hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes, gout, gastritis, or ulcer disease?

<p>Decreasing serum triglyceride values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fibrates affect hepatic production of triglycerides?

<p>Decrease it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme controls the early rate-limiting step in the production of cellular cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of fibrates in patients with hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes, gout, gastritis, or ulcer disease?

<p>To reduce cholesterol levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of fibrates?

<p>Liver damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods may decrease the effects of atorvastatin?

<p>Grapefruit juice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main excretion route for fenofibrate?

<p>Feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population should caution be exercised when using cholestyramine due to the risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?

<p>Patients with renal disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is recommended as first-line therapy in patients with PAD for secondary prevention and cardiovascular risk reduction?

<p>3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of monitoring liver function in patients taking statins?

<p>To detect potential adverse effects related to the medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of fibrates in reducing cholesterol levels?

<p>Increase in lipoprotein lipase activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of statins?

<p>Severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of fibrates?

<p>Hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes, gout, gastritis, or ulcer disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction increases the risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis when used concurrently with fenofibrate?

<p>Gemfibrozil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods or beverages can increase the effects of atorvastatin?

<p>Grapefruit juice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for the administration of most statins like atorvastatin?

<p>In the evening or at bedtime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs can reduce LDL cholesterol without being absorbed when taken orally?

<p>Bile acid sequestrants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of statin therapy that nurses should monitor for during the first months of treatment?

<p>Muscle pain or weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction increases the effects of fluvastatin?

<p>Grapefruit juice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation should be given to women of childbearing age who are prescribed statins?

<p>Consider contraceptive counseling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of statins?

<p>Skin rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary enzyme inhibited by statins to decrease hepatic synthesis of cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population should caution be exercised when using cholestyramine due to the risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?

<p>Patients with renal impairment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction increases the risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis when used concurrently with fenofibrate?

<p>Cyclosporine and verapamil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main excretion route for fenofibrate?

<p>Biliary excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of statins on LDL cholesterol levels?

<p>10% decrease in LDL levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cholestyramine in reducing serum cholesterol levels?

<p>Binding bile acids in the intestinal lumen, preventing recirculation to the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of cholestyramine?

<p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intended effect of using cholestyramine along with a statin drug?

<p>Decreasing LDL cholesterol levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme controls the early rate-limiting step in the production of cellular cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of fibrates?

<p>To reduce blood lipid levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications may have an increased risk of drug interactions and problems with certain foods, such as grapefruit juice?

<p>Statins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of fibrates?

<p>Lowering high serum triglyceride values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population should caution be exercised when using fibrates due to the risk of renal disease as a serious complication?

<p>Patients with diabetes mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of fibrates?

<p>GI discomfort and diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fibrates affect hepatic production of triglycerides?

<p>Decrease it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of fibrates in patients with hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes, gout, gastritis, or ulcer disease?

<p>Reducing serum triglyceride values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme inhibited by statins to decrease hepatic synthesis of cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretion route for fenofibrate?

<p>Urinary elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction increases the risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis when used concurrently with fenofibrate?

<p>(Statins) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of monitoring liver function in patients taking statins?

<p>To assess for abnormal elevations of serum aminotransferases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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