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Which medication should not be used as a sedative due to its potential interference with testing?
Which medication should not be used as a sedative due to its potential interference with testing?
What is the standard withdrawal time for antihistamines before testing?
What is the standard withdrawal time for antihistamines before testing?
What should be adjusted to manage an acute flare-up in a dog with atopic dermatitis?
What should be adjusted to manage an acute flare-up in a dog with atopic dermatitis?
How long should parenteral glucocorticoids be withdrawn before testing?
How long should parenteral glucocorticoids be withdrawn before testing?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of managing atopic dermatitis in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT a component of managing atopic dermatitis in dogs?
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What is a primary characteristic of atopic dermatitis as defined in the content?
What is a primary characteristic of atopic dermatitis as defined in the content?
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Which of the following is a common environmental allergen associated with atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following is a common environmental allergen associated with atopic dermatitis?
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What percentage of dogs with adverse food reactions also have concurrent environmental allergies?
What percentage of dogs with adverse food reactions also have concurrent environmental allergies?
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Which factor is NOT associated with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis?
Which factor is NOT associated with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis?
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What is the main goal when diagnosing atopic dermatitis?
What is the main goal when diagnosing atopic dermatitis?
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What is a characteristic feature of atopic-like dermatitis?
What is a characteristic feature of atopic-like dermatitis?
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Which breeds are predisposed to atopic dermatitis?
Which breeds are predisposed to atopic dermatitis?
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What is the age of onset for atopic dermatitis in dogs?
What is the age of onset for atopic dermatitis in dogs?
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What distinguishes feline allergic skin disease (FASD) from atopic dermatitis?
What distinguishes feline allergic skin disease (FASD) from atopic dermatitis?
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Which external stimuli can exacerbate cutaneous inflammation in cats?
Which external stimuli can exacerbate cutaneous inflammation in cats?
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What is a primary challenge in understanding the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis?
What is a primary challenge in understanding the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis?
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Which of the following options is an important historical aspect to consider when evaluating a dog for skin issues?
Which of the following options is an important historical aspect to consider when evaluating a dog for skin issues?
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Which statement regarding atopic-like dermatitis is accurate?
Which statement regarding atopic-like dermatitis is accurate?
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What criteria must be satisfied to achieve an 85% sensitivity in diagnosing atopic dermatitis?
What criteria must be satisfied to achieve an 85% sensitivity in diagnosing atopic dermatitis?
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What is a key diagnostic method to rule out ectoparasites?
What is a key diagnostic method to rule out ectoparasites?
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Which condition is indicated by papulopustular eruptions and epidermal collarattes?
Which condition is indicated by papulopustular eruptions and epidermal collarattes?
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What finding would suggest atopic dermatitis rather than a secondary infection?
What finding would suggest atopic dermatitis rather than a secondary infection?
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What is the main reason to rule out secondary infections in pruritic patients?
What is the main reason to rule out secondary infections in pruritic patients?
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Which diagnostic tool is not typically used for ruling out infections?
Which diagnostic tool is not typically used for ruling out infections?
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Which IgG serology is indicated for ruling out specific ectoparasites?
Which IgG serology is indicated for ruling out specific ectoparasites?
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What is an indication that a dog may be suffering from atopic dermatitis?
What is an indication that a dog may be suffering from atopic dermatitis?
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What condition is characterized by erythema and lichenification of the ear canal in allergic dogs?
What condition is characterized by erythema and lichenification of the ear canal in allergic dogs?
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Which breed is commonly affected by lesions on the eyelids and flexor surfaces of joints?
Which breed is commonly affected by lesions on the eyelids and flexor surfaces of joints?
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What secondary condition is characterized by alopecic, erythematous lesions often found on the ventral neck of allergic dogs?
What secondary condition is characterized by alopecic, erythematous lesions often found on the ventral neck of allergic dogs?
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Which of the following describes a common finding of atopy in dogs?
Which of the following describes a common finding of atopy in dogs?
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What is a potential consequence of severe pruritus leading to self-mutilation of the feet in dogs?
What is a potential consequence of severe pruritus leading to self-mutilation of the feet in dogs?
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Identify a differential diagnosis that falls under allergies or autoimmune conditions in dogs.
Identify a differential diagnosis that falls under allergies or autoimmune conditions in dogs.
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What condition can be differentiated from atopic dermatitis via diagnostic investigation?
What condition can be differentiated from atopic dermatitis via diagnostic investigation?
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Which condition is most likely to present with pododermatitis in dogs?
Which condition is most likely to present with pododermatitis in dogs?
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What is an important consideration when managing flare factors in atopic dermatitis?
What is an important consideration when managing flare factors in atopic dermatitis?
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How should topical glucocorticoids be administered for flare-ups in atopic dermatitis?
How should topical glucocorticoids be administered for flare-ups in atopic dermatitis?
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What are emollient shampoos primarily used for in skin and coat care?
What are emollient shampoos primarily used for in skin and coat care?
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Which medication is specifically recommended for Malassezia management during flare-ups?
Which medication is specifically recommended for Malassezia management during flare-ups?
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How are allergens typically avoided in managing atopic dermatitis?
How are allergens typically avoided in managing atopic dermatitis?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing chronic atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing chronic atopic dermatitis?
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What is the typical dosing for oral glucocorticoids in managing flare-ups?
What is the typical dosing for oral glucocorticoids in managing flare-ups?
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What is a required condition for allergen-specific immunotherapy?
What is a required condition for allergen-specific immunotherapy?
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Which of the following is a component of skin and coat care for chronic atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following is a component of skin and coat care for chronic atopic dermatitis?
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What is a primary focus of allergen-specific management?
What is a primary focus of allergen-specific management?
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Study Notes
Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a genetically predisposed, inflammatory, and pruritic allergic skin disease, characterized by clinical features often linked to IgE responses, mainly against environmental allergens.
- The pathogenesis of AD is complex and multifactorial, involving interactions between the host and the environment, often linked to an epidermal lipid barrier defect and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.
- A similar condition in dogs is called Atopic-Like Dermatitis. This condition presents clinically similar to Atopic Dermatitis but lacks a measurable IgE response to environmental allergens.
- 20-30% of dogs with adverse food reactions also exhibit environmental allergies.
Learning Objectives
- Define atopic dermatitis.
- Identify the pathogenesis, causes, and clinical signs of atopic dermatitis.
- Describe diagnostic procedures for atopic dermatitis.
- Discuss approaches to treatment and management of atopic dermatitis.
Causes of Allergic Skin Disease in Dogs
- Atopic dermatitis
- Flea allergy dermatitis
- Food allergy
What is Atopic Dermatitis (AD)?
- A genetically predisposed, inflammatory, pruritic allergic skin disease with clinical features, primarily due to IgE-mediated reactions against environmental allergens.
- Key clinical features include impaired barrier function and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.
- Approximately 80% of affected dogs have specific IgE to house dust mites, grasses, and other similar allergens.
Clinical Signs of Atopic Dermatitis
- Pruritus (itching)
- Erythema (redness)
- Saliva staining
- Recurrent otitis (ear infections)
- Pyoderma (bacterial skin infections)
- Pododermatitis (footpad inflammation)
- Malassezia dermatitis (yeast infection)
- Excoriation (scratching-induced skin damage), lichenification, and alopecia (hair loss).
Lesion Distribution
- Breed-specific variations exist in lesion distribution.
- French Bulldogs often exhibit lesions on their eyelids and joints.
- German Shepherds (GSD) often have lesions on their elbows, hind limbs, and thorax.
- Shar-Peis frequently have issues in their thorax and dorsolumbar areas.
- Boxers tend to show lesions on their ears.
Differential Diagnoses
- Parasites (fleas, mites, etc.)
- Allergies (food, contact, etc.)
- Infections (bacterial, fungal, etc.)
- Neoplastic/neurogenic conditions
- Dermatological conditions
Diagnostic Investigations
- History and clinical signs to indicate the possible diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis.
- Exclude ectoparasites, infections, and food allergies.
Atopic Dermatitis Diagnostic Criteria
- Onset before 3 years of age
- Mostly indoor lifestyle
- Glucocorticoid-responsive pruritus
- Pruritus evident at the start of the disease
- Front feet are affected
- Ear pinna inflamed
- Dorsolumbar area unaffected
- There is a 20% misdiagnosis rate using these criteria.
Rule out Ectoparasites
- Coat brushing
- Hair plucks
- Skin scrapes
- Sarcoptes IgG serology
- Otoscopic examination
- Trial treatment
Rule out Infections
- Pyoderma (Staphylococcus pseudointermedius)
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Cytology (tape strip, impression smear, and ear cytology)
Rule out Food Allergies
- Diet trial (novel protein and carbohydrate source for 6-8 weeks)
- Reintroduction of the original food and observation for relapse.
Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
- Manage flare-up factors: addressing triggers and topical/systemic antibiotics; Itching management.
- Skin and coat care: Regular bathing with emollient shampoos (containing lipids or complex sugars or antiseptics); Important to maintain coat/skin health.
- Allergen-specific management: Avoidance of allergens if possible (removing problematic litter sources or restricting exposure during walks).
- Pharmacotherapy: Using corticosteroids; if a flare-up happens, you can use short term corticosteroids.
- Biological therapies: For chronic conditions, look at injections every 4-8 weeks.
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Description
Test your knowledge about atopic dermatitis in dogs. This quiz covers definitions, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostic procedures, and treatment approaches for this allergic skin disease. Perfect for veterinary students and dog owners alike.
