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Questions and Answers
What is the atomic number of an element?
What results when an electron experiences a strong attractive force from the nucleus during its proximity?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the nucleus of an atom?
What type of x-rays are emitted due to the deceleration of electrons near a nucleus?
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How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom?
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Study Notes
Matter and Elements
- The universe is made up of 92 elements, either alone or combined as compounds.
- An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Atomic Structure
- The nucleus of an atom contains:
- Protons: carry a positive charge
- Neutrons: have no charge
- The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
- Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in layers called shells.
- The attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons keeps the electrons in their orbits.
X-Ray Production
- When an electron interacts with a nucleus, it is decelerated and deflected.
- This deceleration causes the electron to lose kinetic energy, which is emitted as an X-ray photon.
- The energy of the emitted X-ray is directly proportional to the energy lost by the electron.
- X-rays produced in this way are known as "bremsstrahlung" x-rays, which means "braking radiation" in German.
Continuous Spectrum
- Bremsstrahlung x-rays create a continuous spectrum, meaning that they have a range of energies.
Unknown
- The text mentions a 7 cm diameter round cone and a size 2 receptor/film, but does not explain their relevance.
- The text also mentions "13cm²" and "39cm²", but does not explain what these values refer to.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of atomic structure, including the composition of atoms and the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Additionally, it explores the process of X-ray production, focusing on bremsstrahlung radiation and its relevance in atomic interactions. Test your understanding of these essential topics in chemistry and physics.
