44 Questions
Which two particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What is the maximum number of electrons that the K shell can hold?
2
What is the binding energy of an electron determined by?
The distance between the nucleus and the electron
Which interaction accounts for the majority of scatter radiation at the atomic level?
Compton scatter
What percentage of the interactions of the dental x-ray beam with matter does the photoelectric effect account for?
30%
What happens to the energy of an x-ray photon after it undergoes Compton scatter?
It is transferred to other atoms until all its energy is gone
Which type of current describes an electrical current in which the electrons flow in two, opposite directions?
Alternating current (AC)
What is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor?
Amperage
What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?
Voltage
What is the purpose of a step-up transformer in the production of dental x-rays?
To increase the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the high-voltage circuit
Which of the following statements about wavelength and frequency is true?
Wavelength and frequency are inversely related.
What determines the energy and penetrating power of radiation?
Wavelength
Which of the following has a longer wavelength and less energy?
Low-frequency electromagnetic radiations
What is the purpose of the lead collimator in the x-ray tubehead?
To restrict the size of the x-ray beam
Which type of radiation is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom?
X-rays
What are cathode rays?
Streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube
What are protons?
Accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
What are neutrons?
Accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and no electrical charge
Which type of radiation accounts for approximately 70% of the x-ray energy produced at the anode?
General radiation
Which type of radiation is produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from the tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom?
Characteristic radiation
Which type of radiation refers to the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode and that exits the tubehead?
Primary radiation
Which type of radiation is a form of secondary radiation and is the result of an x-ray that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter?
Scatter radiation
Which two particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What is the maximum number of electrons that the K shell can hold?
2
What is the purpose of the lead collimator in the x-ray tubehead?
To collimate the x-ray beam
Which type of radiation can be defined as the propagation of wavelike energy (without mass) through space or matter?
Gamma rays
What is the measurement of the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next?
Wavelength
Which type of radiation is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom?
Beta particles
What is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor?
Current
Which type of radiation accounts for the majority of scatter radiation at the atomic level?
Compton scatter
What percentage of the interactions of the dental x-ray beam with matter does the photoelectric effect account for?
30%
What happens to the energy of an x-ray photon after it undergoes Compton scatter?
It is deflected and loses some energy
Which part of the x-ray tubehead surrounds the x-ray tube and transformers and is filled with oil?
Metal housing
What is the purpose of the insulating oil in the x-ray tubehead?
To prevent overheating by absorbing the heat created by the production of x-rays
Which part of the x-ray tubehead permits the exit of x-rays and seals the oil in the tubehead?
Tubehead seal
What is the purpose of the lead collimator in the x-ray tubehead?
To restrict the size of the x-ray beam
Which type of electrical current describes an electrical current in which the electrons flow in one direction through the conductor?
Direct current (DC)
What is the purpose of a step-down transformer in the production of dental x-rays?
To decrease the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the 3 to 5 V used by the filament circuit
What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?
Voltage
What is the purpose of the autotransformer in the production of dental x-rays?
To correct for minor fluctuations in the current
Which type of radiation is responsible for producing densities and making dental radiography possible?
Primary radiation
What is the term for x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter?
Secondary radiation
Which interaction at the atomic level occurs as a result of the photoelectric effect?
Absorption
Which type of radiation accounts for a very small part of x-rays produced in the dental x-ray machine and occurs only at 70 kV and above?
Characteristic radiation
Test your knowledge on electrical currents and their types, including direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Learn about the flow of electrons through conductors and how electricity is necessary for producing x-rays.
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