36 Questions
What is the primary manifestation of Venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary embolism (PE)
What are the three primary components of Virchow’s triad, which contributes to clot formation in the venous circulation?
Venous stasis, Vascular injury, Hypercoagulability
What is the function of Platelets during hemostasis?
To provide a close barrier to stop bleeding
What are the three phases in rapid sequence during clot formation in hemostasis?
Vascular spasms, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation (blood clotting)
What is the main function of a blood clot?
To contain formed elements of the blood entangled in fibrin threads
What is the mechanism that prevents loss from damaged blood vessels?
HemoStasis
What is the other name for Platelets?
Thrombocytes
What do the granules in platelets contain?
Enzymes, ADP, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
What is the immediate effect of Vascular spasms during hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction
What is the process of breaking down a blood clot?
Fibrinolysis
What is the main function of Anticoagulant mechanism during hemostasis?
Prevent excessive clotting
What factor doubles with each 10 years after the age of 50, increasing the risk of clotting disorders?
Age
What is the normal range for activated partial thrombin time (aPTT)?
10-30 seconds
What is the main function of D-dimer in the diagnosis of VTE?
To detect degradation products of fibrin blood clots
What is the primary manifestation of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)?
Chronic lower extremity swelling, pain, and skin discoloration
Which condition is associated with high red blood cell production and poses a risk for VTE?
Polycythemia vera
What is the purpose of contrast venography in the context of VTE diagnosis?
To visualize the entire venous system in the lower extremity and abdomen
In the Modified Wells Criteria, what score indicates a high probability of having acute DVT?
Score > 3
What is the primary purpose of pulmonary angiography in the context of VTE diagnosis?
To visualize the pulmonary arteries
What is the main function of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of VTE?
To detect acute thrombosis
What is the main purpose of ventilation-perfusion scans in the diagnosis of VTE?
To assess lung function
What is the primary manifestation of DVT in terms of patient presentation?
Unilateral leg pain, swelling persisting after a night’s sleep
What is the primary risk factor for VTE associated with vascular injury?
Trauma and indwelling venous catheters
What is the main function of the Modified Caprini Risk Assessment Model for VTE?
To assess the risk of VTE in surgical patients
Which condition is associated with venous stasis?
Obesity
What is a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Chronic lower extremity swelling
What is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
Anti-phospholipid antibodies
What is a symptom frequently associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Swelling persist after a night’s sleep
Which test is used frequently for the initial evaluation of patients with suspected VTE?
D-dimer
What is the normal range for D-dimer?
Less than 0.5 mg/L
What is a characteristic of the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What is a characteristic of the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
Exposure of collagen to Factor XII & thrombocytes
What is the triggering step for the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
Slow to proceed
What is the triggering step for the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
Exposure of collagen to Factor XII & thrombocytes
What is the monitoring test for the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
Less = bleeding More = clotting
What is the monitoring test for the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
PT (10-30 sec)
Test your knowledge of cardiovascular health with this quiz on atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolism. Explore the definitions and components of these conditions, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
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