Atherosclerosis and Venous Thromboembolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary manifestation of Venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

  • Vascular injury and Hypercoagulability
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and Thrombocytes
  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary embolism (PE) (correct)
  • Venous stasis and Coagulation cascade

What are the three primary components of Virchow’s triad, which contributes to clot formation in the venous circulation?

  • Coagulation cascade, Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary embolism (PE)
  • Venous stasis, Vascular injury, Hypercoagulability (correct)
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Thrombocytes, Serotonin
  • HemoStasis, Anticoagulant, Procoagulant mechanism

What is the function of Platelets during hemostasis?

  • To initiate vascular spasms
  • To regulate the coagulation cascade
  • To maintain the balance of blood
  • To provide a close barrier to stop bleeding (correct)

What are the three phases in rapid sequence during clot formation in hemostasis?

<p>Vascular spasms, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation (blood clotting) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a blood clot?

<p>To contain formed elements of the blood entangled in fibrin threads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that prevents loss from damaged blood vessels?

<p>HemoStasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for Platelets?

<p>Thrombocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the granules in platelets contain?

<p>Enzymes, ADP, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of Vascular spasms during hemostasis?

<p>Vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down a blood clot?

<p>Fibrinolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Anticoagulant mechanism during hemostasis?

<p>Prevent excessive clotting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor doubles with each 10 years after the age of 50, increasing the risk of clotting disorders?

<p>Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for activated partial thrombin time (aPTT)?

<p>10-30 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of D-dimer in the diagnosis of VTE?

<p>To detect degradation products of fibrin blood clots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)?

<p>Chronic lower extremity swelling, pain, and skin discoloration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with high red blood cell production and poses a risk for VTE?

<p>Polycythemia vera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of contrast venography in the context of VTE diagnosis?

<p>To visualize the entire venous system in the lower extremity and abdomen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Modified Wells Criteria, what score indicates a high probability of having acute DVT?

<p>Score &gt; 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pulmonary angiography in the context of VTE diagnosis?

<p>To visualize the pulmonary arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of VTE?

<p>To detect acute thrombosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of ventilation-perfusion scans in the diagnosis of VTE?

<p>To assess lung function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of DVT in terms of patient presentation?

<p>Unilateral leg pain, swelling persisting after a night’s sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for VTE associated with vascular injury?

<p>Trauma and indwelling venous catheters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Modified Caprini Risk Assessment Model for VTE?

<p>To assess the risk of VTE in surgical patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with venous stasis?

<p>Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Chronic lower extremity swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

<p>Anti-phospholipid antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom frequently associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Swelling persist after a night’s sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used frequently for the initial evaluation of patients with suspected VTE?

<p>D-dimer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for D-dimer?

<p>Less than 0.5 mg/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the intrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Exposure of collagen to Factor XII &amp; thrombocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the triggering step for the intrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Slow to proceed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the triggering step for the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Exposure of collagen to Factor XII &amp; thrombocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monitoring test for the intrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Less = bleeding More = clotting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monitoring test for the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>PT (10-30 sec) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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