49 Questions
Which layer of the vessel wall is responsible for secreting extracellular matrix proteins?
Tunica media
Which type of arteries does atherosclerosis primarily affect?
Muscular arteries & Elastic arteries
What is the general term for the thickening and inelasticity of arteries?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the necrotic core of an atheroma composed of?
Cellular debris and lipids
Which of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure
What is the composition of an atheroma compared to a fatty streak?
Atheroma has a core of cholesterol and cellular debris, while a fatty streak consists mostly of lipid-laden macrophages
What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?
Endothelial response, smooth muscle response, stereotypic intimal thickening
Which of the following is a key factor in the formation of a mature atheroma?
Smooth muscle proliferation
What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?
LDL
Which of the following is a characteristic of nonstable or 'vulnerable' plaque?
Rupture potential
What is the main cause of hypertension?
Peripheral resistance
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?
Obesity
What is the impact of lifestyle on the incidence of atherosclerotic disease?
Increased incidence
What did the Framingham Heart Study identify about the risk factors for atherosclerosis?
Multiple risk factors have a multiplicative effect
What did Paul Ridker's study show about C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular events?
CRP alone predicts cardiovascular events better than LDL alone
Which factors regulate blood pressure at the level of the arteriole?
Both circulating mediators and hormones, and neural stimulation
What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?
Arteriolosclerosis
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening of the arteriolar wall with narrowing of the lumen?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is seen in more acute or severe elevations of blood pressure, with an 'onion skin' appearance of the arteriole wall?
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
Which layer of the vessel wall is responsible for secreting extracellular matrix proteins?
Tunica media
What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?
Smooth muscle response
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening of the arteriolar wall with narrowing of the lumen?
Arteriolosclerosis
What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?
Arteriolosclerosis
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?
Smoking
What is the necrotic core of an atheroma composed of?
Cellular debris, lipids, and calcium
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?
Smoking
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?
Age
Which of the following is a key step in the formation of a mature atheroma?
Inflammatory cell infiltration
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by concentric, laminated thickening of the arteriolar wall?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of stable plaque?
Presence of calcifications
Which of the following is a characteristic of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cardiovascular disease?
It is a non-specific marker of inflammation
Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant hypertension?
Increased diastolic pressure greater than 120 mmHg
What is the term for the narrowing of the arteriolar lumen due to thickening of the arteriolar wall?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Which type of hypertension is asymptomatic and referred to as benign hypertension?
Essential hypertension
What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?
Arteriolosclerosis
What is the impact of long-standing hypertension on vessels?
All of the above
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is seen in the kidneys of hypertensive patients and also in the vessels of elderly normotensive individuals?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?
Hypertension
What did Paul Ridker's study show about C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular events?
CRP levels were a better predictor of cardiovascular events than LDL alone
What is the general term for the thickening and inelasticity of arteries?
Arteriolosclerosis
What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?
Inflammation
Which factors regulate blood pressure at the level of the arteriole?
Sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?
Smooth muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production
Which of the following is a key step in the formation of a mature atheroma?
Smooth muscle proliferation and plaque maturation
What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?
LDL entry into the intima
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?
Hyperlipidemia
What is the composition of the necrotic core of an atheroma?
Lipid accumulation
What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?
Smooth muscle proliferation
What is the impact of lifestyle on the incidence of atherosclerotic disease?
Lifestyle can influence the development of atherosclerotic disease
Test your knowledge on atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular health. Learn about the incidence of atherosclerotic disease and its connection to lifestyle factors.
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