Atherosclerosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the vessel wall is responsible for secreting extracellular matrix proteins?

  • Tunica adventitia
  • Tunica media (correct)
  • External elastic membrane
  • Tunica intima

    • Which type of arteries does atherosclerosis primarily affect?

  • Small arteries
  • Muscular arteries & Elastic arteries (correct)
  • Elastic arteries only
  • Arterioles

    • What is the general term for the thickening and inelasticity of arteries?

  • Arteriolosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis (correct)
  • Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis

    • What is the necrotic core of an atheroma composed of?

    <p>Cellular debris and lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?

    <p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of an atheroma compared to a fatty streak?

    <p>Atheroma has a core of cholesterol and cellular debris, while a fatty streak consists mostly of lipid-laden macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Endothelial response, smooth muscle response, stereotypic intimal thickening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in the formation of a mature atheroma?

    <p>Smooth muscle proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?

    <p>LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of nonstable or 'vulnerable' plaque?

    <p>Rupture potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypertension?

    <p>Peripheral resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of lifestyle on the incidence of atherosclerotic disease?

    <p>Increased incidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Framingham Heart Study identify about the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

    <p>Multiple risk factors have a multiplicative effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Paul Ridker's study show about C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular events?

    <p>CRP alone predicts cardiovascular events better than LDL alone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors regulate blood pressure at the level of the arteriole?

    <p>Both circulating mediators and hormones, and neural stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening of the arteriolar wall with narrowing of the lumen?

    <p>Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of arteriolosclerosis is seen in more acute or severe elevations of blood pressure, with an 'onion skin' appearance of the arteriole wall?

    <p>Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the vessel wall is responsible for secreting extracellular matrix proteins?

    <p>Tunica media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Smooth muscle response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening of the arteriolar wall with narrowing of the lumen?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Smoking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the necrotic core of an atheroma composed of?

    <p>Cellular debris, lipids, and calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key step in the formation of a mature atheroma?

    <p>Inflammatory cell infiltration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of arteriolosclerosis is characterized by concentric, laminated thickening of the arteriolar wall?

    <p>Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of stable plaque?

    <p>Presence of calcifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cardiovascular disease?

    <p>It is a non-specific marker of inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant hypertension?

    <p>Increased diastolic pressure greater than 120 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the narrowing of the arteriolar lumen due to thickening of the arteriolar wall?

    <p>Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypertension is asymptomatic and referred to as benign hypertension?

    <p>Essential hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hardening of small arteries and arterioles?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of long-standing hypertension on vessels?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of arteriolosclerosis is seen in the kidneys of hypertensive patients and also in the vessels of elderly normotensive individuals?

    <p>Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Paul Ridker's study show about C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular events?

    <p>CRP levels were a better predictor of cardiovascular events than LDL alone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the thickening and inelasticity of arteries?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors regulate blood pressure at the level of the arteriole?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Smooth muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key step in the formation of a mature atheroma?

    <p>Smooth muscle proliferation and plaque maturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?

    <p>LDL entry into the intima (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the necrotic core of an atheroma?

    <p>Lipid accumulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general vascular response to injury in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Smooth muscle proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of lifestyle on the incidence of atherosclerotic disease?

    <p>Lifestyle can influence the development of atherosclerotic disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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