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Questions and Answers
The silver impregnation method for visualizing astrocytes was developed by Camillo Golgi in 1873.
The silver impregnation method for visualizing astrocytes was developed by Camillo Golgi in 1873.
True
Astrocytes play no role in the modulation of synaptic function.
Astrocytes play no role in the modulation of synaptic function.
False
Astrocyte networks are considered important for maintaining healthy brain function.
Astrocyte networks are considered important for maintaining healthy brain function.
True
The concept of the tripartite synapse includes only neurons.
The concept of the tripartite synapse includes only neurons.
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The section on CNS pathology discusses the connection between astrocytes and depression.
The section on CNS pathology discusses the connection between astrocytes and depression.
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Histological staining is not used to visualize astrocytes.
Histological staining is not used to visualize astrocytes.
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Astrocytes are primarily involved in neuronal functions and do not interact with glial cells.
Astrocytes are primarily involved in neuronal functions and do not interact with glial cells.
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Astrocytes are a type of neuron located in the brain.
Astrocytes are a type of neuron located in the brain.
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Acute stress has no effect on astrocyte morphology.
Acute stress has no effect on astrocyte morphology.
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Astrocyte pathology is linked to psychiatric disorders.
Astrocyte pathology is linked to psychiatric disorders.
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Astrocytic atrophy is an indication of healthy astrocyte function.
Astrocytic atrophy is an indication of healthy astrocyte function.
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Antidepressants have no effect on astrocyte morphology or physiology.
Antidepressants have no effect on astrocyte morphology or physiology.
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It is currently clear whether astrocytic pathology is a primary or secondary cause of psychiatric disorders.
It is currently clear whether astrocytic pathology is a primary or secondary cause of psychiatric disorders.
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Only chronic stress affects astrocyte function.
Only chronic stress affects astrocyte function.
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Targeting astrocytic pathology can alleviate behavioral disturbances.
Targeting astrocytic pathology can alleviate behavioral disturbances.
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The hypothesis of neurocentrism is sufficient for understanding psychiatric disorders.
The hypothesis of neurocentrism is sufficient for understanding psychiatric disorders.
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Stress acts on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to potentially cause depression.
Stress acts on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to potentially cause depression.
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There is no evidence supporting a role for astrocytes in psychiatric disorders.
There is no evidence supporting a role for astrocytes in psychiatric disorders.
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There is a significant difference in Cx30 and Cx43 levels between pathologies.
There is a significant difference in Cx30 and Cx43 levels between pathologies.
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The expression of Cx30 and Cx43 is increased in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of suicide completers.
The expression of Cx30 and Cx43 is increased in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of suicide completers.
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Antidepressants can reverse the decrease in connexin 43 in the prefrontal cortex of stressed rats.
Antidepressants can reverse the decrease in connexin 43 in the prefrontal cortex of stressed rats.
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Chronic unpredictable stress leads to an increase in Cx43 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex.
Chronic unpredictable stress leads to an increase in Cx43 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex.
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The control group is referred to as the CTR group in the study.
The control group is referred to as the CTR group in the study.
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Cx30 and Cx43 are components of astrocytic gap junctions.
Cx30 and Cx43 are components of astrocytic gap junctions.
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The dysfunction of astrocytic networks has no relation to depression in individuals.
The dysfunction of astrocytic networks has no relation to depression in individuals.
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Suicide completers show a higher level of connexin expression compared to control subjects.
Suicide completers show a higher level of connexin expression compared to control subjects.
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Fluoxetine is one of the antidepressants mentioned in relation to reversing connexin decreases.
Fluoxetine is one of the antidepressants mentioned in relation to reversing connexin decreases.
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The term 'Chronic Unpredictable Stress' refers to a setup used in a study on rat models.
The term 'Chronic Unpredictable Stress' refers to a setup used in a study on rat models.
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Astros play a role in enhancing intelligence in rodents.
Astros play a role in enhancing intelligence in rodents.
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Figure 9 is authored solely by Christian Giaume.
Figure 9 is authored solely by Christian Giaume.
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Acute cannabinoids affect working memory through astroglial CB1 receptors.
Acute cannabinoids affect working memory through astroglial CB1 receptors.
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Riluzole is a drug that has been shown to worsen behavioral deficits in animal models of depression.
Riluzole is a drug that has been shown to worsen behavioral deficits in animal models of depression.
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Leptin influences the reward value of nutrients in the brain.
Leptin influences the reward value of nutrients in the brain.
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The research on astroglial networks is a step backward in understanding neuroglial interactions.
The research on astroglial networks is a step backward in understanding neuroglial interactions.
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The article by Hines and Haydon focuses on ATP signaling related to astrocytes.
The article by Hines and Haydon focuses on ATP signaling related to astrocytes.
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Banasr et al. published research on glial pathology in 2010 and 2009.
Banasr et al. published research on glial pathology in 2010 and 2009.
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Most of the cells in P0 cortical neuron cultures were identified as MAP2 expressing neurons.
Most of the cells in P0 cortical neuron cultures were identified as MAP2 expressing neurons.
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GFAP staining is used to identify neurons in cortical neuron cultures.
GFAP staining is used to identify neurons in cortical neuron cultures.
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CD68 expressing microglia are abundant in P0 cortical neuron cultures.
CD68 expressing microglia are abundant in P0 cortical neuron cultures.
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Oligodendrocytes can be identified in P0 cortical neuron cultures using O4 as a marker.
Oligodendrocytes can be identified in P0 cortical neuron cultures using O4 as a marker.
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Radial glial cells (RGL) are considered a type of committed progenitor cell.
Radial glial cells (RGL) are considered a type of committed progenitor cell.
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Neuroepithelial cells are irreversible progenitor cells that cannot differentiate into neurons.
Neuroepithelial cells are irreversible progenitor cells that cannot differentiate into neurons.
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The composition of P0 cortical neuron cultures includes a significant amount of glial contamination.
The composition of P0 cortical neuron cultures includes a significant amount of glial contamination.
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NeuN staining is commonly used for identifying astrocytes in neuronal cultures.
NeuN staining is commonly used for identifying astrocytes in neuronal cultures.
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Adult Neurogenesis occurs exclusively in the hippocampus.
Adult Neurogenesis occurs exclusively in the hippocampus.
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Neural progenitor cells are derived from embryonic neuroepithelial cells.
Neural progenitor cells are derived from embryonic neuroepithelial cells.
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Oligodendrocytes are primarily responsible for the generation of new neurons.
Oligodendrocytes are primarily responsible for the generation of new neurons.
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Astrocytes are a type of adult neural stem cell.
Astrocytes are a type of adult neural stem cell.
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The functionality of adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be modulated by environmental factors.
The functionality of adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be modulated by environmental factors.
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Radial glial cells are considered neural progenitor cells.
Radial glial cells are considered neural progenitor cells.
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Adult neural stem cells can give rise to various types of brain cells.
Adult neural stem cells can give rise to various types of brain cells.
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The complexity of lineage relationships in brain cells has no impact on neurogenesis.
The complexity of lineage relationships in brain cells has no impact on neurogenesis.
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Embryonic neural progenitor cells are the building blocks for adult neurogenesis.
Embryonic neural progenitor cells are the building blocks for adult neurogenesis.
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Neurons are the only cells affected during adult neurogenesis.
Neurons are the only cells affected during adult neurogenesis.
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Study Notes
Week 2: Learning Outcomes
-
Topic 1: Learning about astrocytes' influence on behavior in a healthy central nervous system (CNS), gliotransmission, and astrocytic networks' structure and function.
- Astrocytes play a role in synaptic function modulation and behavior.
- Gliotransmission (release of gliotransmitters) affects synaptic function.
- Astrocytic networks have potential roles in memory and sleep regulation.
- Research into astrocyte's role in psychiatric disorders faces challenges.
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Topic 2: Understanding adult neural stem cells (NSCs), their locations, and their relation to hippocampal neurogenesis.
- Two main characteristics of a stem cell: self-renewal and differentiation.
- Adult neural stem cells are located in the mammalian brain's neurogenic niche, particularly in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus.
- Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is influenced by various molecular controls including trophic factors, transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms.
- Environmental factors (e.g., stress, diet, exercise) can influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Topic 3: Exploring Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), their creation and use in studying brain disorders.
- iPSCs are induced pluripotent stem cells that are made from adult cells, and can then differentiate into a variety of brain cells, such as neurons.
- iPSCs can be used to study the pathophysiology of brain disorders.
- iPSCs were used to examine various neurophysiological phenotypes in patients compared to controls.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the role of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) pathology. This quiz covers key concepts, including their functions, connections to psychiatric disorders, and the impact of stress on astrocytic morphology. Challenge your understanding of how these glial cells contribute to brain health and disease.
