32 Questions
Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?
Lateral horns
What does the posterior horns of the spinal cord house?
Axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons
What is a reflex arc according to the text?
The pathway a reflex action takes in the body
Which type of pathways ascend toward the brain?
Sensory pathways
Where are the axons of spinal cord tracts located?
In spinal cord tracts
What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?
Controlling substances' access to the brain
Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for removing cellular debris in the CNS?
Microglia
What is the function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system?
Form myelin sheath around axons
What role do satellite cells play in the PNS?
Electrically insulating and regulating nutrient exchange
What do neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) primarily do in the peripheral nervous system?
Ensheath PNS axons with myelin
What is the principal function of meninges in protecting the spinal cord?
Acting as a physical barrier and providing cushioning
What are the three adult brain regions that the embryonic diencephalon develops into?
Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Which part of the brain is the main input center for sensory information going to the cerebrum?
Thalamus
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
Circadian rhythms
Which part of the brainstem controls involuntary functions mediated by smooth muscle fibers and glands?
Medulla oblongata
What is the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum?
Thalamus
What comprises the epithalamus?
Pineal gland and choroid plexus
Which part of the brainstem contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information?
Midbrain
What is the main function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?
Regulates sleep and arousal
What type of information does the cerebellum receive from muscles and joints?
Proprioceptive information
Why can't the mammalian CNS repair itself when damaged or assaulted by disease?
Current limitations in repair mechanisms
Which part of the brain helps in coordination, error checking during motor functions, and learning motor skills?
Cerebellum
What is the primary focus of research related to CNS injuries and diseases?
Repairing damaged neurons through stem cells
What is the primary function of the cerebrum?
Controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions
Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Production of neurotransmitters
Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and adheres to the surface of the brain?
Pia mater
What is the main role of the blood-brain barrier?
Prevents neurons from being exposed to harmful substances
During embryonic development, what does the brain develop from?
Three embryonic regions
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integrating simple responses to certain stimuli?
Spinal cord
What structures are contained within the brain ventricles?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the function of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?
Consists of myelinated axons organized in tracts
Which part of the nervous system provides integrative power underlying complex human behavior?
Diencephalon
Learn about the multiple roles of astrocytes in the central nervous system, including regulating tissue fluid composition, forming the blood-brain barrier, and providing structural support to neurons. Discover how astrocytes control which substances have access to the brain and help maintain a stable chemical environment around neurons.
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