Functions of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?

  • Brain gray matter
  • Anterior horns
  • Posterior horns
  • Lateral horns (correct)
  • What does the posterior horns of the spinal cord house?

  • Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
  • Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
  • Axons of motor neurons
  • Axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons (correct)
  • What is a reflex arc according to the text?

  • An involuntary response to a stimulus
  • The pathway a reflex action takes in the body (correct)
  • A voluntary sequence of actions in response to a stimulus
  • The pathway a reflex takes in the brain
  • Which type of pathways ascend toward the brain?

    <p>Sensory pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the axons of spinal cord tracts located?

    <p>In spinal cord tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>Controlling substances' access to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for removing cellular debris in the CNS?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Form myelin sheath around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do satellite cells play in the PNS?

    <p>Electrically insulating and regulating nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) primarily do in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Ensheath PNS axons with myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal function of meninges in protecting the spinal cord?

    <p>Acting as a physical barrier and providing cushioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three adult brain regions that the embryonic diencephalon develops into?

    <p>Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is the main input center for sensory information going to the cerebrum?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hypothalamus regulate?

    <p>Circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem controls involuntary functions mediated by smooth muscle fibers and glands?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the epithalamus?

    <p>Pineal gland and choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

    <p>Regulates sleep and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information does the cerebellum receive from muscles and joints?

    <p>Proprioceptive information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the mammalian CNS repair itself when damaged or assaulted by disease?

    <p>Current limitations in repair mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain helps in coordination, error checking during motor functions, and learning motor skills?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of research related to CNS injuries and diseases?

    <p>Repairing damaged neurons through stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

    <p>Controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Production of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and adheres to the surface of the brain?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Prevents neurons from being exposed to harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During embryonic development, what does the brain develop from?

    <p>Three embryonic regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integrating simple responses to certain stimuli?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are contained within the brain ventricles?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Consists of myelinated axons organized in tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system provides integrative power underlying complex human behavior?

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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