Functions of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?

  • Brain gray matter
  • Anterior horns
  • Posterior horns
  • Lateral horns (correct)

What does the posterior horns of the spinal cord house?

  • Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
  • Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
  • Axons of motor neurons
  • Axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons (correct)

What is a reflex arc according to the text?

  • An involuntary response to a stimulus
  • The pathway a reflex action takes in the body (correct)
  • A voluntary sequence of actions in response to a stimulus
  • The pathway a reflex takes in the brain

Which type of pathways ascend toward the brain?

<p>Sensory pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the axons of spinal cord tracts located?

<p>In spinal cord tracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?

<p>Controlling substances' access to the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for removing cellular debris in the CNS?

<p>Microglia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system?

<p>Form myelin sheath around axons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do satellite cells play in the PNS?

<p>Electrically insulating and regulating nutrient exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) primarily do in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Ensheath PNS axons with myelin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal function of meninges in protecting the spinal cord?

<p>Acting as a physical barrier and providing cushioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three adult brain regions that the embryonic diencephalon develops into?

<p>Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the main input center for sensory information going to the cerebrum?

<p>Thalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

<p>Circadian rhythms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem controls involuntary functions mediated by smooth muscle fibers and glands?

<p>Medulla oblongata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum?

<p>Thalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the epithalamus?

<p>Pineal gland and choroid plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information?

<p>Midbrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

<p>Regulates sleep and arousal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does the cerebellum receive from muscles and joints?

<p>Proprioceptive information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the mammalian CNS repair itself when damaged or assaulted by disease?

<p>Current limitations in repair mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain helps in coordination, error checking during motor functions, and learning motor skills?

<p>Cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of research related to CNS injuries and diseases?

<p>Repairing damaged neurons through stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

<p>Controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Production of neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and adheres to the surface of the brain?

<p>Pia mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the blood-brain barrier?

<p>Prevents neurons from being exposed to harmful substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, what does the brain develop from?

<p>Three embryonic regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integrating simple responses to certain stimuli?

<p>Spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are contained within the brain ventricles?

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

<p>Consists of myelinated axons organized in tracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system provides integrative power underlying complex human behavior?

<p>Diencephalon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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