Functions of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System

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Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?

Brain gray matter

Anterior horns

Posterior horns

Lateral horns (correct)

What does the posterior horns of the spinal cord house?

Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

Axons of motor neurons

Axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons (correct)

What is a reflex arc according to the text?

An involuntary response to a stimulus

The pathway a reflex action takes in the body (correct)

A voluntary sequence of actions in response to a stimulus

The pathway a reflex takes in the brain

Which type of pathways ascend toward the brain?

Sensory pathways (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the axons of spinal cord tracts located?

In spinal cord tracts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Controlling substances' access to the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for removing cellular debris in the CNS?

Microglia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system?

Form myelin sheath around axons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do satellite cells play in the PNS?

Electrically insulating and regulating nutrient exchange (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) primarily do in the peripheral nervous system?

Ensheath PNS axons with myelin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal function of meninges in protecting the spinal cord?

Acting as a physical barrier and providing cushioning (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three adult brain regions that the embryonic diencephalon develops into?

Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the main input center for sensory information going to the cerebrum?

Thalamus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Circadian rhythms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem controls involuntary functions mediated by smooth muscle fibers and glands?

Medulla oblongata (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum?

Thalamus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the epithalamus?

Pineal gland and choroid plexus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information?

Midbrain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Regulates sleep and arousal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does the cerebellum receive from muscles and joints?

Proprioceptive information (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the mammalian CNS repair itself when damaged or assaulted by disease?

Current limitations in repair mechanisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain helps in coordination, error checking during motor functions, and learning motor skills?

Cerebellum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of research related to CNS injuries and diseases?

Repairing damaged neurons through stem cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

Controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Production of neurotransmitters (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and adheres to the surface of the brain?

Pia mater (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the blood-brain barrier?

Prevents neurons from being exposed to harmful substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, what does the brain develop from?

Three embryonic regions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integrating simple responses to certain stimuli?

Spinal cord (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structures are contained within the brain ventricles?

Cerebrospinal fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

Consists of myelinated axons organized in tracts (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system provides integrative power underlying complex human behavior?

Diencephalon (D) Signup and view all the answers