AST Chapter 16 Ophthalmic Surgery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which retinal structure allows for perception of general shapes and shades of gray in dim light?

cones

What kind of anesthetic block is used for a vitrectomy procedure?

retrobulbar

Perfluoropropane and sulfur hexafluoride are used to:

keep pressure on the retina

Which of the following is a pharmacologic agent that constricts the pupil of the eye?

<p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

A trephine is used in which ophthalmologic procedure?

<p>keratoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sterile irrigation fluid is used for ophthalmic procedures?

<p>BSS (Balanced Salt Solution)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal condition of the lens of the eye is:

<p>transparent and biconvex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the traction sutures used to manipulate the globe of the eye?

<p>bridle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the replacement device for the cataract lens in the eye?

<p>IOL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

<p>upper lid, outer angle of the orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which structures do the lacrimal ducts drain tears?

<p>nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure done on an eye with internal malfunction or loss of contents and no possible recovery of sight provides better mobility and cosmetic result with a prosthetic eye?

<p>evisceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure surgically treats glaucoma?

<p>iridectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the portion of the eye between the cornea and the iris in which aqueous fluid flows and nourishes tissues?

<p>anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a cystic structure caused by an inflammatory response to material trapped in a meibomian gland?

<p>chalazion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inward turning of the eyelid with resulting corneal irritation?

<p>Entropian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to remove the cataract lens in preparation for intraocular lens placement?

<p>phacoemulsification hand piece</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the name of locking or non-locking needle holders frequently used in ophthalmology?

<p>Castroviejo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scissors would NOT be used for ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>Jorgenson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What passes through the canal of Schlemm?

<p>aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Misalignment or deviation from coordinated movement of the eyes is:

<p>strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

If looking at the right eye of a patient and assigning clock positions of 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock to the rectus eye muscles, which of the following would be CORRECT?

<p>12 = superior; 3 = medial; 6 = inferior; 9 = lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for 'crossed eyes'?

<p>estropia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye is colored and its muscles constrict or relax to control the amount of light entering the pupil?

<p>iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many tunics comprise the structure of the globe of the eye?

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two structures form the outer tunic of the globe of the eye?

<p>cornea and sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves adjusting sutures after the patient has recovered completely from anesthesia, but within 24 hours?

<p>recession/resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye is thin, transparent lining of the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the sclera?

<p>conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used for visualization in ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>Colposcope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following names represents an eye speculum that resembles an uncoiled metal paper clip?

<p>Barraquer</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are methods of intraocular lens insertion EXCEPT:

<p>Fan-folded through small incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a definitive diagnosis of detached retina be obtained if hemorrhage is present in the eye?

<p>surgical vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gelatin-like fluid that fills the posterior cavity of the eye?

<p>vitreous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which surgical procedure would an Ocutome be used?

<p>vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used following vitrectomy for long-term support of the retina with fewer restrictions on position?

<p>silicone oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that contains and encloses the vitreous humor in the posterior cavity?

<p>hyaloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would a Veirs rod be placed to relieve or prevent obstruction?

<p>canaliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of the lens that is treated by cataract extraction?

<p>opacified</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following procedures would sutures most likely NOT be necessary?

<p>Extracapsular cataract extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the opening created in the outer tunic for insertion of the infusion cannula for excision of vitreous?

<p>sclerotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is a small depression containing only cones and has the highest visual acuity?

<p>central fovea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tetracaine drops are used in ophthalmologic procedures to:

<p>numb the surface of the eye and surrounding structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques uses a laser to treat retinal tears or proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Endophotocoagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure may be done in conjunction with vitrectomy if the surgeon is unable to gain visualization of the posterior cavity of the eye?

<p>lensectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the six muscles that provide movement of the eye?

<p>extrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intraocular procedure?

<p>Vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is avascular, external, and its function is to refract light rays?

<p>cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure has four layers: epithelial cells, substantia propria, elastic lamina, and endothelial cells?

<p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of needle is frequently used in ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>3/8 circle spatula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cryotherapy uses which of the following to seal retinal tears and holes?

<p>cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type of drape with a rounded fenestration and adhesive backing; used when procedure involves the globe of the eye.

<p>Aperture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type of drape sheet with 'U' configuration and adhesive edged 'legs'; used for procedures requiring broader access to extra-ocular areas.

<p>Split</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thick connective tissue structure that provides integrity to the shape of the eyelid: may be repositioned in entropion repair.

<p>Tarsal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eye.

<p>Canthus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Porous, circumferential band of tiny canals through which the aqueous humor drains.

<p>Trabecular meshwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name of line of mini-scalpel blades used in ophthalmology and ENT.

<p>Beaver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visual defect in which one object is seen in duplicate; treated with adjustable suture technique of strabismus correction.

<p>Diplopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Variable-rate, reciprocating, and cutting-tip hand piece attached to suction.

<p>Vitrector</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unit of measurement of the optical power of a magnifying lens.

<p>Diopter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hereditary, progressive, noninflammatory disease of the anterior surface of the eye; diagnostic indication for keratoplasty.

<p>Corneal dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overhead OR spotlights should be placed on highest setting to provide necessary illumination during intraocular procedures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Donor corneas must be screened for HIV, HBV, and CJD prior to transplant.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The surgical technologist must develop the ability to transfer very small, delicate instruments into the surgeon's hand in a functional manner so that he or she does not have to look away from the microscope.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cataracts are categorized as a general condition of aging rather than a disease process.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gas injected into the posterior cavity of the eye following vitrectomy is more stable and requires fewer restrictions of the patient with regard to positioning and altitude than silicone oil.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ophthalmic Surgery Key Concepts

  • Cones: Retinal structure responsible for perceiving shapes and shades of gray in low light conditions.

  • Retrobulbar Anesthetic Block: Used for procedures like vitrectomy to numb the eye area.

  • Perfluoropropane and Sulfur Hexafluoride: Maintain pressure on the retina during surgery.

  • Acetylcholine: Pharmacologic agent that constricts the pupil to manage light entry.

  • Keratoplasty: Involves the use of a trephine for corneal transplant procedures.

  • BSS (Balanced Salt Solution): Sterile irrigation fluid utilized in various ophthalmic procedures.

  • Lens Condition: Normal state of the lens is transparent and biconvex, crucial for light refraction.

  • Traction Sutures (Bridle): Also known as bridle sutures, used to manipulate the eye during procedures.

  • Intraocular Lens (IOL): Replacement device for cataract-affected lenses.

Anatomy and Procedures

  • Lacrimal Gland Location: Situated at the upper lid's outer angle in the orbit.

  • Lacrimal Ducts: Drain tears into the nasal cavity.

  • Evisceration: Procedure providing mobility and cosmetic improvement for non-recoverable eye conditions.

  • Iridectomy: Surgical treatment for glaucoma through removal of part of the iris.

  • Anterior Chamber: Area between the cornea and iris filled with aqueous fluid vital for tissue nourishment.

  • Chalazion: Cystic structure caused by inflammation in a meibomian gland.

  • Entropion: Condition where eyelids turn inward, leading to irritation of the cornea.

Instruments and Techniques

  • Phacoemulsification Hand Piece: Used to extract the cataract lens in preparation for lens placement.

  • Castroviejo Needle Holders: Commonly used locking and non-locking holders in ophthalmology.

  • Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: Procedure unlikely to require sutures.

  • Ocutome: Instrument used specifically for performing vitrectomies.

Eye Structures and Their Functions

  • Vitreous Humor: Gelatin-like fluid occupying the posterior cavity of the eye.

  • Canal of Schlemm: Passage for aqueous humor drainage.

  • Cornea: Avascular structure critical for light refraction, consisting of four layers including endothelial cells.

  • Central Fovea: Contains only cones, providing highest visual acuity.

  • Trabecular Meshwork: Band of tiny canals facilitating aqueous humor drainage.

Surgical Techniques and Postoperative Care

  • Cryotherapy: Application of cold to seal retinal tears and holes.

  • Adjustable Suture Technique: Corrects diplopia by aligning misaligned eye muscles.

  • Silicone Oil: Used post-vitrectomy for long-term retina support.

  • Tetracaine Drops: Numb surface areas of the eye and surrounding tissues during procedures.

Miscellaneous Terms

  • Diopter: Measurement unit for the optical power of lenses.

  • Corneal Dystrophy: Hereditary disease indicating need for keratoplasty.

  • False Statements: Overhead lighting should not be set to maximum during intraocular surgery for comfort and safety; donor evaluations are necessary for safety in transplants.

  • True Statements: Surgical technologists should adeptly transfer delicate instruments without distractions, and cataracts are primarily an aging condition, not a disease process.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts and terminology from Chapter 16 of the AST Ophthalmic Surgery Study Guide. This quiz covers important terms, definitions, and procedures related to ophthalmic surgery. Perfect for students and professionals preparing for exams or enhancing their understanding of the subject.

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