22 Questions
What percentage of cases were performed under general anesthesia?
97%
What type of block was used in 14 cases for regional anesthesia?
Peterson block
What was the most common complication related to anesthesia?
Regurgitation of ruminal content
In how many cases was the anesthesia approach not specified?
2
What percentage of cases had complications related to anesthesia?
33%
What was the percentage of cases with postoperative complications?
29%
What type of suture material was used in the surgical procedure?
Simmental 6
What was the average duration of systemic antibiotic administration?
5±2 days
What was the main factor in deciding the treatment used?
Ocular disease
What was the purpose of the anesthesia administered during the procedure?
To reduce pain
What was the average duration of hospitalization after surgery?
8±6 days
What appears to be a more common clinical indication for enucleation or exenteration in cattle in Switzerland?
Non-neoplastic eye diseases
In which country were previous retrospective studies conducted?
United States
What percentage of enucleation or exenteration cases in cattle were reported in previous studies in the United States?
More than 80%
What is the focus of the discussion in the given text?
Non-neoplastic eye diseases in cattle
What type of studies are mentioned in the text as having been conducted in the United States?
Retrospective studies
What was the diagnosis of the 7 D. ganado?
COCE
What is the main reason for the difference in diagnosis between this study and previous reports?
The absence of Hereford cattle
What is the genetic correlation in Hereford cattle?
Hipopigmentación facial and susceptibility to COCE
Why are certain breeds of cattle more susceptible to COCE?
Due to their genetic predisposition
What is a factor that increases the prevalence of COCE?
Increased UV radiation
What is a characteristic of the cattle breeds in the study?
Hipopigmentación facial and/or pale skin around the eyes
Study Notes
Surgical Approach and Anesthesia
- 31 cases used a transpalpebral approach, while 5 cases used a subconjunctival approach for enucleation.
- Anesthesia was not specified in 2 case histories.
Anesthesia Techniques
- General anesthesia was used in 35 cases (97%), often combined with regional anesthesia in 31 cases (89%).
- Sedation with regional anesthesia was used in 1 case, while 2 cases did not report anesthesia techniques.
Regional Anesthesia Methods
- Peterson block (14 cases) or 4-point retrobulbar block (16 cases) were used for regional anesthesia.
- Auriculopalpebral block (12 cases) and/or local infiltration of eyelids (8 cases) were also used.
Anesthesia Complications
- Anesthesia-related complications occurred in 12 cases (33%).
- Complications included regurgitation of ruminal contents (6 cases), inadequate anesthesia or sedation (5 cases), and severe bradycardia (4 cases).
Post-Operative Care
- Systemic antibiotics and NSAIDs were administered in 37 cases for 6±2 days and 5±2 days, respectively.
- The hospital stay after surgery lasted 8±6 days.
Complications and Recurrence
- Post-operative complications occurred in 11 cases (29%), including 9 cases of ischemic syndrome and 3 cases of recurrent COCE.
Discussion
- Non-neoplastic ocular diseases appear to be a more common indication for enucleation or exenteration in cattle in Switzerland compared to previous reports.
- More than half of the bovine population (55.3%) in this study was diagnosed with non-neoplastic ocular lesions, mainly severe traumatism with loss of ocular content.
Breed-Specific COCE Susceptibility
- The lack of Hereford breed in the study population may contribute to the difference in COCE prevalence compared to previous reports.
- The Hereford breed is known to be predisposed to COCE development due to genetic and hereditary factors.
Environmental Factors
- High levels of ultraviolet radiation in Switzerland, particularly during summer months, may contribute to the development of COCE in susceptible breeds.
This quiz assesses your knowledge of anesthesia techniques used in ophthalmic surgery, including transpalpebral and subconjunctival approaches. Test your understanding of anesthesia methods and their applications in different surgical cases.
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