Aspiration Pneumonia & Oral Infection Control

<p>No overt signs at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal or oral secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a balance of immigration and elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific infection by oral microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonitis causes a sudden onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiographic findings may show infiltrates in gravity-dependent lung segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreversible lung damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High pH aspirates from tube feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset of dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent lung damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity of a microorganism to cause damage to a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly individuals, especially in nursing homes or hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of additional medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher scores of calculus despite similar oral hygiene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of nasogastric and gastric tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher instances of pneumonia, vomiting, and constipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The efficiency of bacterial replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished laryngeal adductor reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced tongue-palette pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased salivation and decreased respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated white blood cell counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictors and risk factors associated with aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular oral care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater rates of hospitalization for pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly individuals in care facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular oral hygiene practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is caused by specific oral microorganisms, whereas chemical pneumonitis results from an inflammatory response to acidic gastric contents or bile acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms typically include acute onset of dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachycardia, and diffuse wheezes or crackles on examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chest radiograph may be negative early because the infiltrates characteristic of aspiration pneumonia may not have developed yet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither aspiration pneumonia nor chemical pneumonitis occurs with tube feedings or aspirated blood, as their aspirate pH is usually high and free of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiographic findings include infiltrates in gravity-dependent lung segments, typically seen in the superior lower-lobe or posterior upper-lobe segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in respiratory pattern and choking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prandial aspiration occurs during swallowing, while antegrade aspiration involves insufficient management of nasal/oral secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing and labored breathing during feeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophageal content in congenital malformation, such as tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent aspiration refers to aspiration that occurs without overt signs detectable during or after swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia, particularly during the swallow (prandial aspiration).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal regurgitation is considered an overt sign of aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to recurrent wheezing, recurrent pneumonias, and severe impairment of pulmonary function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration can cause degeneration of bronchiolar epithelium, pulmonary edema, acute inflammatory cell infiltrate, and fibrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lung microbiome's stability is maintained by bacterial migration from the oropharynx and elimination through ciliary clearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is specifically caused by inhaling foreign materials, while pneumonitis can result from various inflammatory responses in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritants cause inflammation that can injure lung epithelium, promoting further inflammation and increasing susceptibility to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One significant risk factor is the presence of swallowing difficulties or dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A history of early lower respiratory illnesses can lead to diminished lung function that may persist into adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration can lead to irreversible lung damage, respiratory disease, and even death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can overwhelm the elimination side of the immigration–elimination balance, disrupting bacterial homeostasis and potentially leading to acute infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host response results in inflammation and tissue damage, making infection a consequence of both microbial action and the host's immune reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients in nursing homes, those with gastric tubes, and individuals with acute illness are more susceptible to colonization by pathogenic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special needs children with gastric tubes are more likely to experience pneumonia, vomiting, constipation, and dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gastric tube group had a significantly higher calculus score, despite similar oral hygiene behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence is the capacity of a microorganism to cause damage to a host, affecting the severity and outcome of infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can colonize various sites in the oral cavity, which can lead to oral health issues and contribute to systemic infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation is a response that occurs as the body tries to eliminate bacterial pathogens, but it can also lead to tissue damage and worsen the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective symptoms include fever and cough, while an objective sign is the presence of lung infiltration on a chest X-ray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing therapy helps improve the swallowing function to reduce the risk of aspiration, a key factor in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A respiratory factor is abnormal respiratory rate, while a tongue factor is reduced tongue–palate pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired laryngeal sensation can lead to a diminished response that may delay swallowing and increase the risk of aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good oral hygiene reduces the presence of bacteria in the mouth, which can decrease the risk of aspirating harmful pathogens into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia and reduced hyoid excursion are two predictors associated with increased risk for aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung-lavage cultures help identify the specific pathogens present in the lungs, aiding in the accurate diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An elevated white blood cell count is an objective finding that indicates systemic inflammation related to aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral care helps reduce the bacterial load in the oral cavity, which can decrease the risk of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological factors, such as swallowing difficulties and impaired gag reflex, can increase the risk of aspiration by affecting airway protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent aspirations can complicate diagnosis and treatment since patients may not exhibit obvious symptoms despite potential lung compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia is identified as a significant predictor of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to recurrent pneumonia and long-term lung damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing virulence factors helps determine the pathogenic potential of bacteria that may cause aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nursing home residents are highlighted as a demographic group particularly vulnerable to aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macroaspiration can potentially disrupt lung function leading to chronic respiratory issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is caused by specific oral microorganisms, while chemical pneumonitis is an inflammatory response to acidic gastric contents or bile acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common clinical features include acute symptoms like dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachycardia, and the presence of diffuse wheezes or crackles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither tube feedings nor aspirated blood lead to aspiration pneumonia due to their high pH and lack of bacterial contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltrates in gravity-dependent lung segments, typically in the superior lower-lobe or posterior upper-lobe, indicate aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia usually develop within hours to a few days after aspiration, highlighting the acute nature of the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to recurrent wheezing, recurrent pneumonias, and severe impairment of pulmonary function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is primarily caused by the inhalation of gastric contents, food, or liquids into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration can result in degeneration of bronchiolar epithelium, pulmonary edema, and acute inflammatory cell infiltrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children with a history of early LRIs may experience diminished lung function that persists into adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stability of the lung microbiome is maintained by a balance of bacterial immigration and elimination through ciliary clearance and coughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inflammatory event may cause epithelial and endothelial injury, promoting inflammation and increasing infection susceptibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microaspiration involves the movement of bacteria from the oropharynx to the lung, contributing to the lung microbiome's composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary types of pneumonia are aspiration pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence refers to the relative capacity of a microorganism to cause damage to a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogenic bacteria can colonize in various sites such as the gingiva, dental plaque, and tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GT special need children are more likely to experience pneumonia, vomiting, constipation, and dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The GT group had more dental issues and a significantly higher calculus score compared to the control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macroaspiration can overwhelm the elimination side of the immigration–elimination balance, leading to acute infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonization is increased in the elderly, patients in nursing homes or hospitals, and those with nasogastric or gastric tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study compared health issues and prevalence of an AP-associated organism between SN children with and without G-Tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host response includes inflammation and tissue damage that can influence the overall outcome of the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overt signs of aspiration include obvious symptoms like coughing and choking, while silent aspiration occurs without any noticeable symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in respiratory pattern and Cyanosis are two overt signs of aspiration in infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prandial aspiration refers to aspiration that occurs during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antegrade aspiration involves the insufficient management of nasal/oral secretions leading to aspiration of these materials into the airway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to recurrent respiratory infections or aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal regurgitation can occur when food or liquid enters the nasal cavity due to improper swallowing or aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing and wheezing are significant as they may indicate the presence of aspirated materials in the airway that could lead to further respiratory distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In cases of congenital malformations like tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), esophageal content can be misdirected into the airway, leading to aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective symptoms, like fever, cough, and sputum production, help identify potential cases of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good oral hygiene reduces the risk of bacteria entering the lungs during swallowing, thus helping to prevent aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced hyoid excursion can impair swallowing mechanics, increasing the likelihood of aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An absent or diminished laryngeal adductor reflex and impaired laryngeal sensation are indicators of risk during a FEEST.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring abnormalities in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation helps assess the risk and presence of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistency between swallow-respiratory patterns can lead to the miscoordination of swallowing, increasing aspiration risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laboratory findings, like elevated white blood cell counts, indicate systemic inflammation that can support the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced tongue–palate pressures are associated with a higher risk of aspiration, as they can hinder effective swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral care is emphasized as a significant preventive measure for aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nursing home residents are specifically mentioned as being at higher risk for aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia is a major predictor of aspiration pneumonia as it can lead to the misdirection of food or liquid into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oropharyngeal aspiration occurs when contents are accidentally inhaled into the airway, while silent aspiration happens without noticeable symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to severe respiratory issues, including the development of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased colonization of pathogenic bacteria enhances the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is caused by the introduction of bacteria-laden materials into the lungs, while chemical pneumonitis arises from the aspiration of non-bacterial substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients often present with coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever shortly after aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers