Aspiration Pneumonia & Oral Infection Control

GER involves the retrograde aspiration of gastric contents such as vomit and ingested food.

Pathologic changes include degeneration of bronchiolar epithelium, pulmonary edema, and acute inflammatory cell infiltrate.

Chronic pulmonary aspiration can lead to recurrent wheezing, pneumonias, and pulmonary scarring.

<p>Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The types include aspiration pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lung microbiome stability is maintained by a balance of bacterial immigration from the oropharynx and elimination through ciliary clearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation can cause epithelial and endothelial injury, promoting further inflammation and increasing susceptibility to infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated aspiration can lead to severe conditions like irreversible lung damage and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration in dysphagia refers to the entry of food, liquid, saliva, or other substances into the airway below the level of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overt signs of aspiration can include coughing, wheezing, stridor, and a wet or gurgly voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prandial aspiration refers to aspiration that occurs during the swallowing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration can be classified as either overt, where there are clear signs, or silent, where no overt signs are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events leading to aspiration can include oropharyngeal dysphagia and insufficient management of nasal/oral secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two signs of aspiration in infants include change in respiratory pattern and nasal flaring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gagging during feeds can indicate the presence of aspiration or difficulty in swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophageal content can contribute to aspiration, especially in cases of congenital malformations like tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is caused by specific oral microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical pneumonitis is a noninfectious inflammatory response to acidic gastric contents or bile acid, while aspiration pneumonia is an infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms include sudden onset of dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachycardia, and diffuse wheezes or crackles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subjective symptoms include fever, cough, and sputum production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is associated with higher mortality than other forms of pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiographic findings typically include infiltrates in gravity-dependent lung segments, such as the superior lower-lobe or posterior upper-lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coarse lung sounds and lung infiltration on chest X-ray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing therapy helps improve the swallowing function, reducing the risk of aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormalities in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced tongue–palate pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced hyoid excursion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates impaired protective mechanisms that can lead to aspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia is an important predictor, but it alone is not sufficient as other factors must be considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main predictors include dysphagia and other physiological factors related to swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral care reduces the bacterial load in the mouth, which helps to minimize the risk of aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The review discusses swallowing mechanics, oropharyngeal function, and the timely coordination of swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study compared videofluoroscopic swallowing study and radionuclide salivagram for identifying aspiration pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant risk factor is the presence of impairments in swallowing or dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their study concluded that several factors, including functional status and oral health, predict aspiration pneumonia in nursing home residents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oropharyngeal aspiration is characterized by visible signs of aspiration, while silent aspiration occurs without noticeable symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They highlighted differences in oral health outcomes between special needs children with and without gastrostomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can overwhelm the elimination side of the immigration–elimination balance, leading to acute infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence refers to the relative capacity of a microorganism to cause damage to a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can colonize areas such as the gingiva, dental plaque, and tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly patients, those in nursing homes or hospitals, and individuals with gastric tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G-Tube children had more dental issues and a higher calculus score compared to the control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children with G-Tubes are more likely to experience pneumonia, vomiting, constipation, and dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host response contributes to the infection through resultant inflammation and tissue damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both groups had similar oral hygiene behaviors, yet the GT group showed significantly more calculus.</p> Signup and view all the answers