Artificial Liver and MARS® System Features Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the liver in synthesizing vital proteins?

Secretion of insulin

Production of red blood cells

Synthesis of plasma proteins and coagulation proteins (correct)

Conversion of amino acids into glucose

Which substance is produced by the liver and supports detoxification as well as digestion?

Insulin

Gastric acid

Bile (correct)

Pancreatic enzymes

What happens to hemoglobin in the liver as part of its function in detoxification and degradation?

It is stored for future use

It is degraded to bilirubin (correct)

It is used in the synthesis of plasma proteins

It is converted into glucose

What is the main function of the MARS® membrane?

To prevent albumin-bound toxins from reaching the dialysate's albumin Signup and view all the answers

Why is the patient's albumin not in contact with the adsorbers in the MARS® system?

The membrane is impermeable to albumin-bound toxins Signup and view all the answers

What type of toxins can be removed via dialysis in the MARS® system?

Water-soluble toxins Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the MARS® adsorbers from other components of the system?

They remove water-soluble toxins Signup and view all the answers

What stage of hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by clear confusion and awakening in dizziness?

Stage III Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly seen in failing liver patients due to the inability of the liver to store glycogen?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What does the loss of performance in detoxification lead to in the context of hepatic encephalopathy?

Accumulation of toxins inducing neurological disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What can the failing liver's inability to respond to insulin and store glycogen result in?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

How does the Fractionated Plasma Separation and Adsorption (FPSA) system separate the patient's albumin loaded with toxins from the blood?

By using a dialyzer membrane with a higher cut-off Signup and view all the answers

Why is the affinity of toxins to bind to albumin decreased in fluids with shifted pH values?

Because different pH values affect different toxins in varied ways Signup and view all the answers

How is the albumin in the dialysate cleaned in the ADVOS® system?

Through a change of pH value Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second adsorber in the Prometheus® system?

To specialize in removing bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between adsorption and absorption?

Absorption involves the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface, while adsorption involves the entry of atoms, molecules, or ions into some bulk phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of activated carbon in adsorption?

To provide exceptionally high surface area that allows for more than 200 football fields. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor highly influences adsorption according to the text?

Flow rate (contact time) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Vroman effect in relation to adsorption?

It involves proteins with the highest mobility being firstly adsorbed, but later displaced by proteins with a higher binding affinity. Signup and view all the answers

Which system uses a conventional high flux dialyzer to prevent albumin from passing the membrane?

Single Pass Albumin Dialysis (SPAD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the core of the MARS® system that is highly permeable for albumin-bound toxins but not for the albumin itself?

MARS® membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which artificial liver system uses a membrane that also lets water-soluble toxins pass for removal via dialysis?

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System (MARS®) Signup and view all the answers

In which system do the adsorbers remove toxins from the dialysate's albumin similar to the Prometheus system?

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System (MARS®) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the MARS® membrane in the MARS® system?

To filter out albumin-bound toxins and let pass water-soluble toxins Signup and view all the answers

How does the dialysate's albumin interact with the MARS® membrane in the MARS® system?

It switches with the patient's albumin to remove albumin-bound toxins Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the patient's albumin in the MARS® system as a result of the MARS® membrane's permeability?

It recirculates for detoxification without contacting the adsorbers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of dialysate's albumin in the MARS® system?

It acts as a carrier to transfer albumin-bound toxins through the MARS® membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Liver Functions

The liver synthesizes vital proteins, including albumin, which plays a crucial role in detoxification and digestion.
The liver produces bilirubin, a substance that supports detoxification and digestion.
The liver breaks down hemoglobin as part of its detoxification and degradation function.

MARS System

The primary function of the MARS membrane is to separate albumin-bound toxins from the blood.
The patient's albumin is not in contact with the adsorbers in the MARS system to prevent albumin loss.
The MARS system can remove albumin-bound toxins, including protein-bound toxins, via dialysis.
The MARS adsorbers are distinguished from other components of the system by their ability to remove albumin-bound toxins.
The MARS membrane is highly permeable for albumin-bound toxins but not for the albumin itself.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Stage 2 of hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by clear confusion and awakening in dizziness.
The loss of performance in detoxification leads to hepatic encephalopathy.
The failing liver's inability to respond to insulin and store glycogen can result in hypoglycemia.

FPSA System

The FPSA system separates the patient's albumin loaded with toxins from the blood using fractionated plasma separation and adsorption.

ADVOS System

The albumin in the dialysate is cleaned in the ADVOS system.

Prometheus System

The second adsorber in the Prometheus system removes toxins from the dialysate's albumin.
The Prometheus system uses a membrane that also lets water-soluble toxins pass for removal via dialysis.

Adsorption

Adsorption is different from absorption, as it involves the attraction of molecules to a surface.
The affinity of toxins to bind to albumin is decreased in fluids with shifted pH values.
Activated carbon is used in adsorption to attract toxins.
The Vroman effect characterizes the adsorption of molecules to a surface.
The core of the MARS system is highly permeable for albumin-bound toxins but not for the albumin itself.
The MARS membrane interacts with the dialysate's albumin to remove toxins.
The patient's albumin is not affected by the MARS membrane's permeability.
The dialysate's albumin plays a crucial role in the MARS system by binding to toxins.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the features of the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System (MARS®) and the design of artificial liver. This quiz covers topics such as the MARS® membrane, recirculation of dialysate's albumin, and the permeability of albumin-bound toxins.