Ch. 2 Generating and Applying Combat Power

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of leadership in combat power?

  • It defines the strict hierarchy of military units.
  • It serves as the activity of influencing people to accomplish missions. (correct)
  • It has no significant impact on the combat effectiveness.
  • It is solely focused on strategy and tactics.

How does leadership manifest in military operations?

  • Through strict adherence to orders without flexibility.
  • By avoiding conflict and seeking diplomatic solutions.
  • As an unrelenting will to accomplish the mission. (correct)
  • As individuals' ability to understand tactics only.

What is the primary source of lethality in combat?

  • Logistics and supply chains.
  • Firepower and the ability to produce lethal force. (correct)
  • Leadership and morale.
  • Intelligence and surveillance.

Which of the following enhances firepower on the battlefield?

<p>Effective identification and selection of targets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of utilizing firepower effectively?

<p>It disrupts enemy maneuver and suppresses their fires. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do leaders increase the effectiveness of firepower?

<p>Through the integration of capabilities from all domains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between leadership and command and control (C2)?

<p>Leadership drives C2 while also relying on it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dynamic of combat power does leadership primarily influence?

<p>The morale and cohesion of military units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does using information in combat affect enemy forces?

<p>It can cause them to act in vulnerable ways. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mobility allow military forces to do?

<p>Move while fulfilling their primary mission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacts the mobility of an armored brigade combat team (BCT)?

<p>The terrain and weather conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can leaders enhance their understanding of mobility in relation to enemy forces?

<p>By gathering intelligence on enemy forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct effect of weather on military mobility?

<p>It degrades route conditions for movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios could reduce the mobility of land forces?

<p>Being isolated by enemy standoff approaches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT enhance the relative mobility of military units?

<p>Expanding the size of the formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is intelligence critical for exploiting mobility in a military context?

<p>It informs the assessment of enemy forces’ capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of interorganizational cooperation?

<p>To enhance the interaction among various elements in defense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core activity performed by special operations forces?

<p>Logistical support operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do conventional forces contribute during large-scale combat operations?

<p>By contributing mass across all warfighting functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the integration between conventional and special operations forces?

<p>It emphasizes mutual support to limit resource redundancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding command and support relationships essential in operations involving conventional and special operations forces?

<p>To adapt to the mission and operational environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical when conducting operations that include multinational forces?

<p>Maintaining unity of effort despite organizational differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of warfare is included within the core activities of special operations forces?

<p>Unconventional warfare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the integration of conventional and special operations forces aim to reduce during operations?

<p>The risk of fratricide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of peer threats in their approach to conflict?

<p>To achieve their goals without a direct military confrontation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about peer threats' willingness is correct?

<p>They have a higher tolerance for public opinion backlash. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method do peer threats use to influence combat and operational decisions?

<p>Information warfare combined with economic sanctions (A), Psychological operations to sway public perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a method used by peer threats?

<p>Direct military attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peer threats believe they can achieve long-term objectives because of which of the following factors?

<p>Their ability to endure greater hardships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During conflict, peer threats aim to achieve their objectives by causing what effect in relation to U.S. forces?

<p>Significant damage across multiple domains quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what area do peer threats prefer to exploit vulnerabilities?

<p>Across multiple strategic contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the information warfare methods of peer threats from those of the United States?

<p>Their operation under anonymity and different ethical standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of forward-stationed rotational forces?

<p>To support large-scale combat operations and respond to crises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Army Reserve Components is true?

<p>They account for about 80% of the Army’s sustainment units. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor must planners consider regarding Reserve Components mobilization?

<p>They require time for mobilization and have deployment time limits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Army use echelons for?

<p>To ensure manageable spans of control for leaders and operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major capability of Reserve Components during armed conflict?

<p>They serve as a key resource for reconstitution operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which echelon typically has greater experience in command teams and can coordinate complex operations?

<p>Divisions and higher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Army’s mobilization base expansion capability comes from Reserve Components?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the mobility of forward-stationed rotational forces?

<p>They are often small in number and may be vulnerable during escalation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cyberspace capabilities primarily support decision-making in land operations?

<p>By facilitating high-volume data storage and knowledge management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way land capabilities enable maritime operations?

<p>Providing guided missile strikes on maritime targets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does networking sensors and fires platforms play in land operations?

<p>It increases situational awareness and responsiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is integrating all-source intelligence important for land operations in maritime environments?

<p>It helps predict enemy maneuvers and potential threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of enabling rapid communication to audiences through social media in military operations?

<p>It fosters public support and counters enemy narratives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary advantages of providing and protecting transportation of units over strategic distances?

<p>Contributes to operational reach and logistical success. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might people have about the Army's force posture?

<p>That it does not consider sustainable readiness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is a primary focus when attacking enemy networks in cyberspace?

<p>Targeting command and control structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Leadership

The activity of influencing people to accomplish missions and improve organizations.

Combat Power

The total effectiveness of a military unit against enemy forces.

Command and Control (C2)

The exercise of authority and direction by a commander over assigned forces.

Firepower

The primary source of lethality needed to defeat enemy forces.

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Direct and Indirect Fires

Methods to deliver lethal force onto a target, with direct fires hitting directly and indirect relying on supportive means.

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Mass and Precision

Methods of applying firepower; mass involves overwhelming force, while precision focuses on accuracy.

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Movement and Maneuver

The strategies used to position forces effectively to maximize firepower.

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Lethal Force

Firepower applied to eliminate enemy forces and degrade their will to fight.

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Psychological Effects

The impact of combat actions on enemy morale and decision-making.

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Information Manipulation

Using misleading information to confuse or deceive the enemy.

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Mobility

The capability of military forces to move effectively while accomplishing their mission.

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Terrain Impact on Mobility

How different environments affect a unit's ability to move.

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Environmental Monitoring

Using space-based technology to assess weather impacts on combat operations.

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Enemy Influence on Mobility

How enemy actions and strategies can restrict friendly forces' movement.

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Maneuver Warfare

A military strategy that uses movement and tactics to gain advantage over the enemy.

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Peer Threats

Adversaries who engage in conflict without direct combat with U.S. forces, using information warfare and military capabilities.

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Information Warfare

The use of information activities to influence populations and achieve military objectives.

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Comparative Advantage

The belief that peer threats can endure more hardships than the U.S. to achieve their goals.

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Methods of Peer Threats

Five broad approaches used by peer threats: Information warfare, systems warfare, preclusion, isolation, and sanctuary.

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Systems Warfare

A method used by peer threats to attack systems that support U.S. military capability.

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Isolation

A peer threat method to cut off the U.S. from allies or resources during conflict.

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Sanctuary

Areas where peer threats operate with impunity, avoiding U.S. retaliation.

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Sensitivity to Casualties

The peer threat's ability to exploit the U.S. sensitivity to casualties and public opinion.

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Interorganizational Cooperation

Interaction among various elements like military, government, and NGOs.

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Civil-Military Integration

Collaboration between military and civil sectors for mutual support.

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Integration of Forces

Combining conventional and special operations forces for enhanced effectiveness.

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Mission-Driven Relationships

The command and support ties are dictated by mission and environment.

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Conventional Forces Role

Provide mass and broad capabilities in combat through various functions.

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Special Operations Forces Contributions

Perform unique tasks like counterterrorism and unconventional warfare.

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Deep Operations Importance

SOF activities are crucial for setting up conventional operations in the rear.

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Unity of Effort

Maintaining collaboration without direct command authority in multinational operations.

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Rotational Forces

Small military units stationed forward to respond quickly to crises.

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Global Response Capability

Army's ability to deploy forces to crises worldwide.

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Army Reserve Components

Part-time military forces that support active duty in various operations.

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Mobilization Requirements

The time needed for reserve forces to prepare for deployment.

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Echelons in the Army

Levels of command that help manage spans of control.

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Higher Echelons

Command levels like divisions with significant experience.

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Reconstitution Operations

Processes to restore and strengthen forces after conflicts.

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Joint Capabilities

Integration of air, space, maritime, and cyber resources.

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Cyberspace Operations

Using cyberspace capabilities to support military operations.

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Common Operational Picture (COP)

A shared vision of the operational environment among forces.

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Targeted Influence Operations

Strategic actions to sway perceptions or actions of specific audiences.

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Joint All-Source Intelligence

Integrated intelligence from various sources to assess threats.

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Maritime Choke Points

Critical areas that control maritime access and movement.

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Long-Range Fires Systems

Artillery capable of hitting targets over significant distances.

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Operational Reach

The ability of forces to extend their influence and operations over distances.

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Logistics Support for Maritime Forces

Providing necessary supplies and support for naval operations from land.

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Study Notes

Chapter 2: Generating and Applying Combat Power

  • Army forces integrate capabilities and synchronize warfighting functions to generate combat power
  • Successful combat power application requires understanding the enemy and friendly capabilities
  • Leaders must understand the strategic environment and threat methods
  • Understanding specific enemy situations is crucial
  • Understanding how Army forces enable joint operations across multiple domains is vital

Warfighting Functions

  • Warfighting functions are a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose (ADP 3-0)
  • Command and control (C2)
  • Movement and maneuver
  • Intelligence
  • Fires
  • Sustainment
  • Protection
  • Warfighting functions provide an intellectual organization for critical capabilities at all echelons
  • Warfighting functions are relevant to all types of units and are not branch-specific

Command and Control (C2) Warfighting Function

  • Command and control (C2) warfighting function synchronizes and converges all combat power elements (ADP 3-0)
  • C2 involves people, processes, networks, and command posts
  • Critical for effective decision making and operations tempo
  • Supports situational understanding, decision making, and communication networks
  • C2 synchronizes other warfighting functions

Movement and Maneuver Function

  • Movement and maneuver function moves and employs forces to achieve a relative advantage over the enemy (ADP 3-0)
  • Direct fire and close combat are inherent aspects of maneuver
  • Force projection is also a part of this function
  • Movement is necessary to strategically position and disperse the force
  • Maneuver achieves surprise, shock, and momentum
  • Requires reconnaissance, surveillance, and security operations
  • Supports intel collection and info advantages
  • Sustainment is crucial to the effectiveness of the movement and maneuver function

Intelligence Function

  • Facilitates understanding of the enemy, terrain, weather, and other aspects of the operational environment (ADP 3-0)
  • Involves analyzing info from all sources, including other warfighting functions
  • Supportive of force generation, situational understanding, targeting, and info collection

Fires Function

  • Creates and converges effects across all domains against the adversary (ADP 3-0)
  • Includes lethal and non-lethal effects from Army and joint forces
  • Not exclusive to any particular branch or function
  • May simultaneously support other warfighting functions

Sustainment Function

  • Provides support and services to ensure freedom of action, extended operational reach, and endurance (ADP 3-0)
  • Uses capabilities from all domains
  • Employs joint and strategic integration
  • Critical for operation continuity and resource delivery

Protection Function

  • Maintains combat power by preventing or mitigating threats to preserve freedom of action (ADP 3-37)
  • Focuses on ensuring enemy detection or effects are mitigated
  • Requires appropriate prioritisation of protection efforts with tempo and main efforts
  • Important measures include operations security, dispersion, deception, and survivability measures.

Combat Power

  • The total means of destructive and disruptive force a military unit can apply against an enemy (JP 3-0)
  • Consists of leadership, firepower, information, mobility, and survivability

Leadership

  • Most vital aspects of combat power is leadership
  • Influences people through purpose, direction, and motivation

Firepower

  • Primarily used as the source of lethality

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