Ch. 2: Information Operations and Decisive Action
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary means by which Army forces apply land power?

  • Combat power (correct)
  • Decisive action
  • Stability tasks
  • Information Operations

Information Operations is solely categorized as an offensive task.

False (B)

What are the three enabling activities that commanders and staff undertake to support decisive action?

Analyze and depict the information environment, determine IRCs and IO organizations available, optimize IRC effects.

The continuous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability tasks is known as _______.

<p>decisive action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the weighted efforts with their corresponding focus:

<p>Defend = Aligning efforts to protect positions and resources Attack = Focus on seizing and retaining the initiative through offensive operations Stabilize = Efforts aimed at restoring order to a chaotic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

IO weighted efforts help to optimize the integration of IRCs in the information environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of using IO in decisive action?

<p>To create effects that seize, retain, and exploit the initiative in the information environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does IO play in supporting the concept of operations?

<p>By integrating and synchronizing IRCs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an attack orientation in the information environment?

<p>Using social engineering or spoofing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creating ambiguity or confusion is a form of stabilizing effort in the information environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of an information operation (IO) effort with a stabilize orientation?

<p>To create effects that foster communication and support legitimate authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cognitive dimension of information operations focuses on creating support for _____ and local security forces.

<p>rule of law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically synchronized to achieve attack orientation in the information environment?

<p>Establishing community ties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following IO efforts with their corresponding objectives:

<p>Cyberspace operations = Disruption of enemy communications Military deception = Confusing adversaries about intentions MISO = Influencing behaviors of target audiences Special technical operations = Executing precise tactical strikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overconfidence in false signals can aid defensive strategies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to align Soldier actions with their words and images?

<p>By visually demonstrating mutual commitment or support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the physical dimension of a defend orientation?

<p>Encrypting communications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operations security (OPSEC) is an example of an information operation that can be synchronized to achieve a defend orientation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary effect does an attack orientation seek to achieve in the information environment?

<p>Destroying or degrading threat command and control systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the informational dimension, a common practice to counteract attacks is to use ______ to protect data.

<p>jam communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice in the cognitive dimension of defend orientation?

<p>Corrupting data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The information environment effects from a defend orientation might include ______ to determine sources of attack.

<p>forensics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following efforts with their associated orientations:

<p>Cyberspace operations = Defend Denial of service attacks = Attack Electronic warfare = Defend Destruction of threat networks = Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two IRCs that can be synchronized to achieve an attack orientation.

<p>Military deception, electronic warfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Dimension (Defend)

Actions taken to protect physical resources and personnel from harm during Information Operations (IO) efforts.

Informational Dimension (Defend)

Steps to safeguard information and communication systems in a defensive IO stance.

Cognitive Dimension (Defend)

Protecting information, ensuring access to data, and using knowledge management principles for defensive IO.

IO Weighted Effort: Attack

The goal of offensive IO is to disrupt, degrade, or destroy the enemy's ability to operate.

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Physical Dimension (Attack)

Actions aimed at physically disrupting the enemy's command and control systems, infrastructure, and personnel.

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Informational Dimension (Attack)

Disrupting enemy communication, corrupting their data, and denying them access to information.

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Synchronized IRCs (Attack)

Involves coordinated offensive actions across various domains, including cyberspace operations, electronic warfare, and military deception.

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Cognitive Dimension (Attack)

Offensive IO measures taken to manipulate enemy decision-making processes and create doubt within their ranks.

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Information Operations (IO)

The use of information to support combat power and achieve effects in the information environment.

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Decisive Action

The continuous and simultaneous combination of offense, defense, and stability tasks to achieve a decisive outcome.

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Enabling Activities for IO

Activities used to support decisive action by understanding the information environment, identifying available info resources, and optimizing their effects.

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IO Weighted Efforts

Broad orientations used to focus IO efforts to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative in the information environment.

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IO Weighted Effort: Defend

The use of IO to protect information systems, networks, and capabilities from disruption, exploitation, or attack.

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IO Weighted Effort: Stabilize

The use of IO to support stability operations by building trust and confidence in local populations and institutions.

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Combat Power and Information

The ability of military forces to apply land power effectively through the integrated use of information.

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Information Warfare (IW)

Manipulating information to influence adversary leaders and undermine their narratives. Techniques include social engineering, spoofing, and creating uncertainty about friendly intent.

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Cognitive Dimension of IW

Creating confusion and ambiguity in the information environment. This can be achieved by spreading conflicting information, using misleading signals and signs, or causing uncertainty about friendly intentions.

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Stabilize Orientation of IO

Aligning actions with words and images to build trust and legitimacy with target audiences. Demonstrating commitment and support, establishing new communication channels, and identifying local influencers.

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Physical Dimension of IO

Aimed at influencing the physical environment and establishing a presence. This might involve meeting with key leaders, providing resources, or creating new communication infrastructure.

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Informational Dimension of IO

Employing culturally sensitive messages that resonate with the target audience. Countering enemy narratives, aligning imagery with actions, and using native speakers to communicate.

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Cultural Adaptation in IO

Using messages crafted by native speakers and communicators to ensure cultural sensitivity and effectiveness.

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Building Support for Local Institutions

Creating support for legitimate authorities, rule of law, and local security forces. This can be achieved by showcasing the positive effects of U.S. operations and demonstrating commitment to a peaceful resolution.

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Behavioral Change in IO

Changing perceptions, attitudes, and ultimately, behaviors of target audiences. This is achieved through strategic communication efforts that aim to influence the way people think and act.

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Study Notes

Information Operations and Decisive Action

  • Unified land operations uses land power to achieve a joint force commander's end state; combat power is the primary means.
  • Information operations (IO) synchronize information to optimize warfighting functions and enable commanders to seize the initiative through decisive action.
  • Decisive action involves continuous, simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability/defense support of civil authorities tasks (ADRP 3-0).
  • IO supports these tasks by weighting efforts to achieve effects in the information environment (IE).

Weighted Efforts

  • IO weighted efforts focus the integration and synchronization of information and related capabilities (IRCs) to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative in the IE.
  • Commanders visualize how IO supports the concept of operations by aligning and balancing defend, attack, and stabilize efforts with corresponding decisive action tasks.

IO Weighted Effort: Defend

  • In a defend orientation, IO seeks to create effects in the IE to lock or secure documents, equipment, and infrastructure; protect documents, equipment, infrastructure, and personnel and communications; and prevent attack or exploitation.
  • IO also supports securing the free flow of information, access to data sources, and protects from malware and virus attacks. IO uses forensics to ascertain attack sources.

IO Weighted Effort: Attack

  • An attack orientation targets creating effects in the IE to destroy or degrade threat command and control (C2) systems, degrade/destroy leadership, and destroy/impair networks and infrastructure.

IO Weighted Effort: Stabilize

  • A stabilize orientation seeks effects in the IE to meet with key leaders, demonstrate mutual support; ensure quality communication; align actions with words and images; and establish support for rule of law, security forces, and legitimate authority.

Enabling Activities

  • Analyze and depict the IE in detail.
  • Determine available IRCs and IO organizations to affect the IE.
  • Optimize IRC effects through planning, preparation, execution, and assessment.

Analyze and Depict the IE

  • Commanders analyze the IE, understand, visualize, and describe it.
  • The IE is complex, including cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, data flow, encryption, decryption, media, biases, perceptions, key decision makers, physical and operational dimensions.
  • Analyze and depict the IE using information overlays and combined information overlays, models, and social or human networks.

Determine IRCS and IO Organizations

  • The IO officer is the focal point for information environment analysis and expertise, including IRC synchronization.
  • The IO officer coordinates and synchronizes IRC units and IO organizations.
  • IO officers also identify and integrate interagency and Unified Action partners’ contributions.

Optimize IRC Effects

  • IO optimization begins with mission receipt, continuing throughout the operation.
  • IO officers participate in the military decision-making process (MDMP).
  • IO officers develop the scheme of IO, convene and chair the IW working group, ensure capabilities are positioned, employed and supported to fulfill synchronization plans, deconflicts IRC and public affairs efforts, and assesses IO and IRC effects.

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FM 3-13 Chapter 2 Information Ops PDF

Description

This quiz covers the principles of information operations in the context of unified land operations. It explores how commanders utilize IO to support decisive actions, integrating offensive and defensive tasks to achieve a joint force commander's end state. Test your understanding of the synchronization of information capabilities and weighted efforts in military operations.

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