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Questions and Answers
What fallacy is being described when someone tries to discredit the character of another person in advance to make their argument seem invalid?
What fallacy is being described when someone tries to discredit the character of another person in advance to make their argument seem invalid?
Which logical fallacy involves trying to shift the guilt back to the first person in order to appear consistent?
Which logical fallacy involves trying to shift the guilt back to the first person in order to appear consistent?
In which fallacy does someone reject an argument based on irrelevant personal factors such as religion or profession?
In which fallacy does someone reject an argument based on irrelevant personal factors such as religion or profession?
What is the Latin meaning of 'Tu Quoque'?
What is the Latin meaning of 'Tu Quoque'?
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Which fallacy involves trying to divert attention from the main issue by attacking the character of the opponent in advance?
Which fallacy involves trying to divert attention from the main issue by attacking the character of the opponent in advance?
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What is the purpose of using the fallacy 'Tu Quoque'?
What is the purpose of using the fallacy 'Tu Quoque'?
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What is the Latin term for 'Argument to the People'?
What is the Latin term for 'Argument to the People'?
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Which of the following is NOT considered another notion for 'Argumentum ad Populum'?
Which of the following is NOT considered another notion for 'Argumentum ad Populum'?
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In what sense does 'Snob Appeal' differ from 'Mob Appeal'?
In what sense does 'Snob Appeal' differ from 'Mob Appeal'?
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Which of the following is a synonym for 'Mob Appeal'?
Which of the following is a synonym for 'Mob Appeal'?
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What emotion is NOT typically targeted by 'Argumentum ad Populum'?
What emotion is NOT typically targeted by 'Argumentum ad Populum'?
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'Appeal to the Gallery' is another notion for which fallacy discussed in the text?
'Appeal to the Gallery' is another notion for which fallacy discussed in the text?
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What is the primary issue in an argument that involves equivocation?
What is the primary issue in an argument that involves equivocation?
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Which type of sentence defect is exemplified by 'I read a book riding in a bus yesterday'?
Which type of sentence defect is exemplified by 'I read a book riding in a bus yesterday'?
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What type of ambiguity arises when it is unclear who the pronoun in a sentence refers to?
What type of ambiguity arises when it is unclear who the pronoun in a sentence refers to?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of absence of punctuation?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of absence of punctuation?
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In the statement 'No parking on both sides', what issue arises due to literal interpretation of words?
In the statement 'No parking on both sides', what issue arises due to literal interpretation of words?
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What concept is illustrated by 'I said…kill her' from the text?
What concept is illustrated by 'I said…kill her' from the text?
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What is another term for the fallacy of accident?
What is another term for the fallacy of accident?
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Which form of inappropriate treatment of facts involves presenting only two options as if they are the only possibilities?
Which form of inappropriate treatment of facts involves presenting only two options as if they are the only possibilities?
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In the text, what is meant by 'Converse Accident'?
In the text, what is meant by 'Converse Accident'?
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What is the main issue with the statement: 'Birds can fly. Therefore, kiwis can fly'?
What is the main issue with the statement: 'Birds can fly. Therefore, kiwis can fly'?
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Which fallacy involves presenting a general rule as universal while ignoring the possibility of exceptions?
Which fallacy involves presenting a general rule as universal while ignoring the possibility of exceptions?
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What characterizes the false dilemma fallacy as described in the text?
What characterizes the false dilemma fallacy as described in the text?
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What is the main difference between formal and informal fallacies?
What is the main difference between formal and informal fallacies?
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What is the characteristic of an Argumentum ad Hominem fallacy?
What is the characteristic of an Argumentum ad Hominem fallacy?
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Which form of Ad Hominem involves verbally abusing the character of the person making the argument?
Which form of Ad Hominem involves verbally abusing the character of the person making the argument?
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In what type of fallacy does the second person discuss circumstances directly affecting the first person?
In what type of fallacy does the second person discuss circumstances directly affecting the first person?
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Why are formal fallacies known as morphological fallacies?
Why are formal fallacies known as morphological fallacies?
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What is a characteristic of informal fallacies?
What is a characteristic of informal fallacies?
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Study Notes
Informal Fallacies
- Errors in reasoning, divided into three categories: Relevance, Presumption, and Ambiguity
- Can be detected only through analysis of the content of the argument
Fallacies of Relevance
- Argumentum ad Hominem (Argument against the Man)
- Attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself
- Three forms: Abusive Ad Hominem, Circumstantial Ad Hominem, and Tu Quoque (You Too!)
- Argumentum ad Populum (Argument to the People)
- Appealing to emotions, including pride, pity, fear, hate, vanity, or sympathy
- Two forms: Snob Appeal (appealing to the minority) and Mob Appeal (appealing to the majority)
Fallacies of Presumption
- Involving flaws in reasoning, where premises fail to establish or insufficiently justify the conclusion
- Makes the entire argument confusing or misleading
- Three forms of inappropriate treatment of facts:
- Overlooking significant facts entirely
- Evading them
- Distorting the facts
Overlooking the Facts
- Accident (Sweeping Generalization or Dicto Simpliciter)
- Ignoring the possibility of an exception to a general rule
- Converse Accident (Hasty Generalization)
- Reverse of accident, where a general rule is applied to a specific case without considering exceptions
- False Dilemma or Bifurcation
- Presenting only two options as the only possibilities when there are other viable alternatives
Evading the Facts
- Equivocation
- Using a word in two different senses in an argument
- Amphiboly
- Structural or grammatical defect of the sentence, leading to ambiguity
- Includes Misplaced Modifiers, Ambiguous Antecedent of a Pronoun, and Referential Ambiguity
- Accent
- Faulty emphasis of word, including punctuation, wrong interpretation of word, and word lifting
- Includes Absence of Punctuation, Literal Interpretation of Words, and Word Lifting
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Description
Learn about the Latin term 'Argumentum ad Populum,' also known as 'Appeal to the People' in English. Explore how this fallacy appeals to emotions such as pride, fear, or sympathy, and how it can influence decision making.
