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Questions and Answers
What should an architect prioritize according to the virtues described?
What should an architect prioritize according to the virtues described?
Which of the following aspects is NOT included in the listed module contents about an architect's role?
Which of the following aspects is NOT included in the listed module contents about an architect's role?
Which virtue of an architect emphasizes the need to avoid arrogance?
Which virtue of an architect emphasizes the need to avoid arrogance?
What is one key aspect of the spectrum of an architect's services?
What is one key aspect of the spectrum of an architect's services?
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According to the virtues outlined, how should an architect handle financial incentives?
According to the virtues outlined, how should an architect handle financial incentives?
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What is one of the educational qualifications of Abigail Ko?
What is one of the educational qualifications of Abigail Ko?
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Which quote emphasizes the architect's need to be just and easy to deal with?
Which quote emphasizes the architect's need to be just and easy to deal with?
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What is a characteristic of a high-minded architect based on the virtues outlined?
What is a characteristic of a high-minded architect based on the virtues outlined?
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What event led to the initial lack of awareness about the structural issues of the Citicorp Tower?
What event led to the initial lack of awareness about the structural issues of the Citicorp Tower?
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In what year did the journalist discover the story of the Citicorp Tower?
In what year did the journalist discover the story of the Citicorp Tower?
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What quality of the structural engineer, Le Messurrier, is highlighted in the story?
What quality of the structural engineer, Le Messurrier, is highlighted in the story?
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What architectural issue is mentioned in the experience of an architect?
What architectural issue is mentioned in the experience of an architect?
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In what year was the Citicorp Center completed?
In what year was the Citicorp Center completed?
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What was the potential consequence of the structural issues at Citicorp Tower?
What was the potential consequence of the structural issues at Citicorp Tower?
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Who was the primary individual involved in the structural design of the Citicorp Center?
Who was the primary individual involved in the structural design of the Citicorp Center?
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What does the case of Citicorp Tower serve as a textbook example of?
What does the case of Citicorp Tower serve as a textbook example of?
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What was the public's general knowledge about the Citicorp Tower's structural issues at the time of the initial event?
What was the public's general knowledge about the Citicorp Tower's structural issues at the time of the initial event?
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What was awarded to the 99% Invisible Episode 110 for its storytelling?
What was awarded to the 99% Invisible Episode 110 for its storytelling?
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What type of solutions could an architect propose to improve their hometown’s architectural condition?
What type of solutions could an architect propose to improve their hometown’s architectural condition?
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How does the Citicorp Tower case relate to the role of an architect in society?
How does the Citicorp Tower case relate to the role of an architect in society?
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What was a significant challenge faced during the Citicorp Center project?
What was a significant challenge faced during the Citicorp Center project?
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What does the story suggest about collaboration between professionals and students?
What does the story suggest about collaboration between professionals and students?
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What should an architect do first when trying to implement ideas in their hometown?
What should an architect do first when trying to implement ideas in their hometown?
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What do building codes specify regarding construction standards?
What do building codes specify regarding construction standards?
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When should key persons in design be involved in major departures from construction documents?
When should key persons in design be involved in major departures from construction documents?
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What was the overall result of the 2015 Third Coast International Audio Festival award-winning episode about the Citicorp Center?
What was the overall result of the 2015 Third Coast International Audio Festival award-winning episode about the Citicorp Center?
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What does LeMessurier imply about the conduct of his Canadian colleagues regarding the tower's structural issue?
What does LeMessurier imply about the conduct of his Canadian colleagues regarding the tower's structural issue?
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According to Canon 3 of the National Society of Professional Engineers Code of Ethics, how should engineers issue public statements?
According to Canon 3 of the National Society of Professional Engineers Code of Ethics, how should engineers issue public statements?
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What dilemma does the Citicorp Tower case present regarding professional responsibility?
What dilemma does the Citicorp Tower case present regarding professional responsibility?
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What is a potential effect of missing a review schedule in engineering projects?
What is a potential effect of missing a review schedule in engineering projects?
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How should professionals voice their concerns about public safety issues?
How should professionals voice their concerns about public safety issues?
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What primary concern arises from the Citicorp Tower response to wind forces?
What primary concern arises from the Citicorp Tower response to wind forces?
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What is the primary objective of an architect according to the content?
What is the primary objective of an architect according to the content?
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Which of the following best describes the range of activities involved in an architect's services?
Which of the following best describes the range of activities involved in an architect's services?
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In what ways does an architect influence society according to the content?
In what ways does an architect influence society according to the content?
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What significance does the quality of the form-envelope have on people's perception?
What significance does the quality of the form-envelope have on people's perception?
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Which aspect is NOT typically included in the architect's services as described in the content?
Which aspect is NOT typically included in the architect's services as described in the content?
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How are the aesthetic and functional aspects integrated according to the architect's role?
How are the aesthetic and functional aspects integrated according to the architect's role?
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What element of architecture is essential for achieving beauty and distinction in a structure?
What element of architecture is essential for achieving beauty and distinction in a structure?
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Which process is crucial as architects transition from ideas to physical structures?
Which process is crucial as architects transition from ideas to physical structures?
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What major issue did the student raise regarding the CitiCorp Center?
What major issue did the student raise regarding the CitiCorp Center?
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How did William LeMessurier respond to the student's concerns?
How did William LeMessurier respond to the student's concerns?
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What did William LeMessurier learn after re-evaluating the situation?
What did William LeMessurier learn after re-evaluating the situation?
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After realizing the structural issue, what became LeMessurier's next challenge?
After realizing the structural issue, what became LeMessurier's next challenge?
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How did the occupants of the CitiCorp Center respond during the repair activities?
How did the occupants of the CitiCorp Center respond during the repair activities?
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What risk was revealed after including quartering winds in the structural analysis?
What risk was revealed after including quartering winds in the structural analysis?
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What action was necessary after realizing the structural miscalculation?
What action was necessary after realizing the structural miscalculation?
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What lesson can be learned from this incident regarding architectural ethics?
What lesson can be learned from this incident regarding architectural ethics?
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Study Notes
Professional Practice 2: Administering the Regular Services of an Architect
- This course covers professional practice of an architect
- The course content includes architect and the law, virtues of an architect, value of an architect, spectrum of the architect's services, 3D-wheel of a building project, and the Citicorp Fifty-Nine Storey Tower case.
Contents
- Architect and the Law: Discusses the legal aspects of architecture practice.
- Virtues of an Architect: Explores the ethical and professional qualities expected of an architect.
- Value of the Architect: Delves into the contribution and importance of an architect.
- Spectrum of the Architect's Services: Outlines the range of activities an architect undertakes.
- 3D-Wheel of a Building Project: Presents a model to visualize the project's stages.
- Citicorp Fifty-Nine Storey Tower Case: A specific case study on architectural issues.
About the Instructor
- Abigail Ko, UAP, MDM, is the instructor.
- Holds a degree in architecture from the University of Santo Tomas.
- Holds a Master's degree in Development Management from the Asian Institute of Management
- Specializes in the management of architectural practice with interests in historic and cultural heritage conservation and planning
- Is a Filipino architect
Module 2: The Architect and the Law
- This module covers the virtues and values of the architect, the spectrum of the architect's services, and the 3D-wheel of a building project.
Architect and the Law (Module Details)
- Virtues of an Architect: Focuses on the ethical and professional duties of an architect.
- Value of an Architect: Explores the importance of an architect, and their roles in society and the economy.
- Spectrum of the Architect's Services: Details the different services provided by architects, including pre-design, design, architectural specialization, construction, post-construction, comprehensive architectural, and design-build services.
- 3D Wheel of a Building Project: Represents the steps and phases in building projects.
The Virtues of an Architect
- Quotes from Marcus Vitruvius Pollio highlight the attributes of a virtuous architect.
- The qualities include being high-minded, faithful, just, easy to deal with, and free from avarice
- Also being dignified and not letting the mind be occupied with gifts.
The Virtues of an Architect (Details)
- Vitruvius emphasizes the importance of firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (strength, utility, and beauty) in architecture.
- His De Architectura provides a framework for architectural understanding and theory.
- The text describes ten books covering a wide range of architectural topics including education, materials, columns, temples, classical orders, Roman buildings and more.
Values of an Architect
- The role of an architect is to create an environment, through well-designed spaces, which reflect awareness and sensitivity to human experience
- The architect ensures spaces are appropriate to the scale of human experience. and result in structures that evoke beauty and order.
- The deliberation of architects affect how people will live and interact with the environment, fulfilling cultural and national aspirations.
- The aim is to bring order to man's environment, creating functional, safe, and healthy structures with beauty, along with an appropriate time period and cultural context.
The Spectrum of the Architect's Services
- The spectrum encompasses the entire range of activities from the initial concept to the completed environment.
- It involves translating ideas into concrete terms, producing various documents (e.g., architectural program, feasibility study, market study, site planning analysis, etc.)
- Service stages include pre-design, design, architectural specialization, construction, and post-construction.
The 3-D Wheel of a Building Project
- A visual model of the project stages showing the roles of participants including the owner, architect & engineers, consultants and contractors.
Experience of an Architect
- The instructor shares experience on how the architect's position affects home town/city.
Round Recitation
- Students answer questions on their hometowns.
- The questions relate to architectural issues, how skills can enhance the town and the person who to approach about their ideas.
Previous Assignment
- Required a podcast listening and online reading on the Citicorp Fifty-Nine Story Tower case.
Citicorp Fifty-Nine Storey Case
- William LeMessurier was the main structural engineer for the tower's design & construction.
- There was a miscalculated allowance for quartering winds, which caused students to point out the deficiency.
- The building was structurally deficient and required repairs,
- This shows how a single student raised an important concern, challenging the professional to acknowledge the flaw.
Questions (from page 32)
- Various questions on the specifics of the case, the professional involved, project development, student's role and challenge, responses from building occupants, and issues from the project.
99% Invisible Episode 110: Structural Integrity
- The podcast discusses the Citicorp tower, and the student's involvement in identifying the structural issue.
- The show notes that LeMessurier's miscalculation involved forces from quartering winds (which hit the building at an angle).
- For every year that Citicorp Center stood, there was a one in sixteen chance of a storm that could knock the building down
How was the development of architecture during those periods?
- Historical progression of skyscrapers, safety elevators, including the significance of advances in materials (e.g., steel bracing) for making skyscraper design possible.
What was the project commissioned to the professional? What was the challenge? What was the solution?
- The project was to design and build the Citicorp tower.
- Challenges included unusual structural design (stilts instead of base support, and the need to accommodate an existing church).
- The solution included structural adjustments and building the church separately to accommodate an earlier structural problem.
What was the assignment of the student? What issue did the student raise?
- The student was studying the tower's design.
- The student raised concerns about a crucial miscalculation in the design calculations which showed the building to be vulnerable to forces from quartering winds.
How did the main professional responded? What did he learn? What became his next challenge after learning about the issue?
- The professional corrected the structural design, verified the structural issue raised by the student.
- Recognizing deficiencies in the design and calculations, he contacted the insurance company for the enormous repair costs involved, and contacted his law firm to help during any possible disaster.
Response of the professional: Design
- Corner loads had been missed, and the design had not considered this important detail.
Response of the professional: Practice
- Professional took responsibility after the flaws were noted.
The Project Internal Changes
- Bethlehem Steel changed plans for cost-saving resulting in bolted joints. This change was not considered by the engineer and made the building vulnerable.
How did the building occupants respond before, during, after the repair activities?
- Occupants did not know of the problems initially.
- Concern was raised only after some period following completion
- Emergency procedures were put into place to address the potential threats to the development's occupants.
The Project Repairs
- Emergency retrofits involving evacuation plans, volunteers, were put in place.
- The repairs were made in secret.
- Concerns about the building safety from the occupants arose after the repair activities
The Project Repairs (Details)
- Public perception was significant in relation to the repairs and activities, and a journalist discovered the whole story later.
Good news
- The structural engineering flaw was acknowledged
- The lives lost were averted
- The structural engineer showed integrity by admitting a serious oversight in the design process
Questions
- Various questions related to the significance of the case in relation to virtues, values and other aspects of architecture, and the 3D Wheel of a building project.
- The discussion involves what the case means for architects' role in society in terms of accountability and the public's and other parties' concerns.
Torre de Manila Case, 2012-2017
- This case concerns a legal dispute between civil society and a real estate developer in Manila over the construction of a building, which disrupted the view of a historical monument.
Writing a Position Paper
- The paper should be 1-3 pages, and outline a background and rationale, position on the issues, arguments supporting the position, counterarguments, a summary and conclusions, and a list of references.
Group Activity: Writing a Position Paper
- The activity involves writing a position paper based on one of several perspectives (Civil Society, Real Estate Developers, Local/National Gov't, Students).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the virtues and responsibilities of architects as outlined in the curriculum. This quiz covers essential ethical considerations, educational qualifications, and notable events linked to architectural practice, such as the Citicorp Tower incident. Challenge yourself to understand the core values that guide the profession.
