Appetite Chapter 3

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Why did Paul feel a sense of desolation when he realized that people on Arrakis had to recycle their body moisture?

Because he realized that water was scarce on Arrakis (correct)

Because he empathized with the people on Arrakis

Because he remembered a dream of thirst

Because he was suddenly aware of the moisture in his mouth

What is one reason why we may not always be aware of the prominent role of water and thirst?

Because water is easily and abundantly available in the United States (correct)

Because many foods contain at least some water

Because we rarely reach a state of extreme thirst

Because we have water fountains in schools and public parks

Why is having enough water essential to good athletic performance?

Because water helps prevent exercise asthma

Because water helps prevent hypertension (correct)

Because water is essential for life

Because water helps prevent urinary tract infections

What is the cause of a dry mouth?

Drinking fluids that reach the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of moistening the mouth?

Temporary decrease in thirst Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is important in determining how much one drinks?

Volume of liquids reaching the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major categories of drinking behaviors discussed in the text?

Homeostatic and nonhomeostatic drinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept behind homeostatic drinking?

Restoring the optimal physical state Signup and view all the answers

What can cause set point deviations in the volume and concentration of blood plasma?

Loss of water in both the cells and outside the cells Signup and view all the answers

When does an animal consume less water?

When it has not eaten Signup and view all the answers

According to the dry mouth theory of thirst, animals drink when their mouths feel

dry Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence supporting the dry mouth theory of thirst?

Decreased salivary flow during water deprivation Signup and view all the answers

How did people in the desert decrease their thirst?

By putting rocks in their mouths Signup and view all the answers

What did the chicken in the tic-tac-toe game receive after each peck?

Food Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a high concentration of salt in the fluid outside the cells?

Water is drawn out of the cells Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water loss inside cells is enough to cause thirst?

1-2% Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remember that drinking just any fluid won't restore water?

Fluids containing alcohol or caffeine cause the kidneys to increase urine production Signup and view all the answers

What is schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP)?

Excessive drinking caused by delivering rewards according to certain schedules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings supports the idea that water passing through the mouth helps to slake thirst?

Rats drink less water when they are allowed to drink as much as they want after initially drinking a small amount. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of sham drinking?

Preventing water from reaching the stomach of experiment participants through an esophagostomy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the dry mouth theory have little to say about?

Nonhomeostatic drinking that occurs when you eat. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does drinking cold water have on thirst, according to the passage?

Drinking cold water decreases thirst significantly more than drinking warm water, although this effect lasts for only a few minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which system does obesity enhance, leading to increased blood pressure?

The renin-angiotensin system Signup and view all the answers

What should happen to chronic high blood pressure if the prevalence of obesity decreases?

It should decrease Signup and view all the answers

What type of drinking behavior is not fully explained by peripheral and central physiological factors?

Nonhomeostatic drinking Signup and view all the answers

What is one explanation for anticipatory drinking?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding water regulation in elderly people?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of water deficits in elderly people?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is anticipatory drinking considered adaptive behavior?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is believed to be responsible for starting or stopping drinking based on integrated information about fluid levels in the body?

Lateral hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which experiment conducted by B. Andersson in the 1950s supports the role of the lateral hypothalamus in thirst regulation?

Injections of salt water into the lateral hypothalamus initiated drinking in goats Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypothalamus play in regulating the amount of water in the body?

It releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water retention Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes in the body outside of the central nervous system are caused by water deprivation?

Decreased arterial blood pressure and increased salt concentration in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is secreted by the kidney when water deprivation occurs?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced when renin comes into contact with blood?

Angiotensin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of angiotensin in compensating for fluid loss?

Causes constriction of blood vessels, increases release of a hormone important in the regulation of sodium reabsorption by the kidney, and increases release of ADH Signup and view all the answers

Appetite Chapter 3

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Questions and Answers

Why did Paul feel a sense of desolation when he realized that people on Arrakis had to recycle their body moisture?

What is one reason why we may not always be aware of the prominent role of water and thirst?

Why is having enough water essential to good athletic performance?

What is the cause of a dry mouth?

What is the immediate effect of moistening the mouth?

Which factor is important in determining how much one drinks?

What are the two major categories of drinking behaviors discussed in the text?

What is the concept behind homeostatic drinking?

What can cause set point deviations in the volume and concentration of blood plasma?

When does an animal consume less water?

According to the dry mouth theory of thirst, animals drink when their mouths feel

What is the main evidence supporting the dry mouth theory of thirst?

How did people in the desert decrease their thirst?

What did the chicken in the tic-tac-toe game receive after each peck?

What happens when there is a high concentration of salt in the fluid outside the cells?

What percentage of water loss inside cells is enough to cause thirst?

Why is it important to remember that drinking just any fluid won't restore water?

What is schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP)?

Which of the following findings supports the idea that water passing through the mouth helps to slake thirst?

What is an example of sham drinking?

What does the dry mouth theory have little to say about?

What effect does drinking cold water have on thirst, according to the passage?

Which system does obesity enhance, leading to increased blood pressure?

What should happen to chronic high blood pressure if the prevalence of obesity decreases?

What type of drinking behavior is not fully explained by peripheral and central physiological factors?

What is one explanation for anticipatory drinking?

What is the main concern regarding water regulation in elderly people?

What is one potential consequence of water deficits in elderly people?

Why is anticipatory drinking considered adaptive behavior?

Which area of the brain is believed to be responsible for starting or stopping drinking based on integrated information about fluid levels in the body?

Which experiment conducted by B. Andersson in the 1950s supports the role of the lateral hypothalamus in thirst regulation?

What role does the hypothalamus play in regulating the amount of water in the body?

What physiological changes in the body outside of the central nervous system are caused by water deprivation?

What enzyme is secreted by the kidney when water deprivation occurs?

What hormone is produced when renin comes into contact with blood?

What is the role of angiotensin in compensating for fluid loss?

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