36 Questions
Why did Paul feel a sense of desolation when he realized that people on Arrakis had to recycle their body moisture?
Because he realized that water was scarce on Arrakis
What is one reason why we may not always be aware of the prominent role of water and thirst?
Because water is easily and abundantly available in the United States
Why is having enough water essential to good athletic performance?
Because water helps prevent hypertension
What is the cause of a dry mouth?
Drinking fluids that reach the stomach
What is the immediate effect of moistening the mouth?
Temporary decrease in thirst
Which factor is important in determining how much one drinks?
Volume of liquids reaching the gastrointestinal tract
What are the two major categories of drinking behaviors discussed in the text?
Homeostatic and nonhomeostatic drinking
What is the concept behind homeostatic drinking?
Restoring the optimal physical state
What can cause set point deviations in the volume and concentration of blood plasma?
Loss of water in both the cells and outside the cells
When does an animal consume less water?
When it has not eaten
According to the dry mouth theory of thirst, animals drink when their mouths feel
dry
What is the main evidence supporting the dry mouth theory of thirst?
Decreased salivary flow during water deprivation
How did people in the desert decrease their thirst?
By putting rocks in their mouths
What did the chicken in the tic-tac-toe game receive after each peck?
Food
What happens when there is a high concentration of salt in the fluid outside the cells?
Water is drawn out of the cells
What percentage of water loss inside cells is enough to cause thirst?
1-2%
Why is it important to remember that drinking just any fluid won't restore water?
Fluids containing alcohol or caffeine cause the kidneys to increase urine production
What is schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP)?
Excessive drinking caused by delivering rewards according to certain schedules
Which of the following findings supports the idea that water passing through the mouth helps to slake thirst?
Rats drink less water when they are allowed to drink as much as they want after initially drinking a small amount.
What is an example of sham drinking?
Preventing water from reaching the stomach of experiment participants through an esophagostomy.
What does the dry mouth theory have little to say about?
Nonhomeostatic drinking that occurs when you eat.
What effect does drinking cold water have on thirst, according to the passage?
Drinking cold water decreases thirst significantly more than drinking warm water, although this effect lasts for only a few minutes.
Which system does obesity enhance, leading to increased blood pressure?
The renin-angiotensin system
What should happen to chronic high blood pressure if the prevalence of obesity decreases?
It should decrease
What type of drinking behavior is not fully explained by peripheral and central physiological factors?
Nonhomeostatic drinking
What is one explanation for anticipatory drinking?
All of the above
What is the main concern regarding water regulation in elderly people?
All of the above
What is one potential consequence of water deficits in elderly people?
All of the above
Why is anticipatory drinking considered adaptive behavior?
All of the above
Which area of the brain is believed to be responsible for starting or stopping drinking based on integrated information about fluid levels in the body?
Lateral hypothalamus
Which experiment conducted by B. Andersson in the 1950s supports the role of the lateral hypothalamus in thirst regulation?
Injections of salt water into the lateral hypothalamus initiated drinking in goats
What role does the hypothalamus play in regulating the amount of water in the body?
It releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water retention
What physiological changes in the body outside of the central nervous system are caused by water deprivation?
Decreased arterial blood pressure and increased salt concentration in the blood
What enzyme is secreted by the kidney when water deprivation occurs?
Renin
What hormone is produced when renin comes into contact with blood?
Angiotensin
What is the role of angiotensin in compensating for fluid loss?
Causes constriction of blood vessels, increases release of a hormone important in the regulation of sodium reabsorption by the kidney, and increases release of ADH
Test your knowledge on arcade games with this quiz! From classic tic-tac-toe with a chicken to other exciting challenges, see how much you know about the world of arcade gaming.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
