Arab Spring and Ottoman Empire Insights

The three main agendas were reforms by the regime, change in the regime itself, and the overthrow of the regime, which equates to revolution.

The lack of unified, effective leadership contributed to the failure of the Arab Spring to achieve its primary goal of democratization in the Arab World.

Analyzing the Arab Spring from a non-Western perspective provides a deeper understanding of historical contexts and the experiences of Arabs/Muslims themselves.

<p>The Arab Golden Age was characterized by advancements in science, art, and philosophy, as well as a culture of openness, including the translation of works from various languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two major perspectives are current contemporary events and Western perspectives focused on democracy and constitutionalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turkey faced a deep economic crisis characterized by a declining Turkish lira, 10 million unemployed, and huge inflation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turkey's NATO status could be conditioned on its acceptable behavior, potentially involving economic sanctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turkey condemned the Ukraine invasion in the UN vote and labeled it a 'war', suggesting a shift towards the West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Montreux Convention allows Turkey to close the Turkish Straits to Russian military vessels, enhancing its strategic leverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ukraine War could have solidified Turkey's trend of improved relations with Egypt, Armenia, Gulf states, and Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muslims, led by Saladin, retook Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a significant era of Muslim power and territorial expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muslims were largely pushed out of Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represented a betrayal as they were promised a new caliphate but were divided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate consequence was the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood to power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morsi was arrested by the military, supported heavily by a civilian movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To unify Arab nations against Western influence and promote Arab nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morsi's regime was viewed as heavily Islamist, failed to democratize, and biased against Copts and women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The non-democratic institutions, such as the military and monarchy, largely survived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focused on human dignity, poverty, police brutality, authoritarianism, and corruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The al-Sissi regime is more authoritarian, internally Nasserist, and focused on oppression, reaffirming army privileges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 10 million non-citizens, primarily foreign workers, cannot vote and are excluded from political participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 80% of the population are Sunni Wahhabis, which is the state's official religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 following the defeat of the Hashemites by the Saud family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discovery of vast oil reserves in the Eastern Province dramatically transformed the Saudi economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdullah I wanted to gain control over the Temple Mount as he saw himself as the future King of All the Arabs and the Muslim Caliph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rivalry between the Hashemites and the indigenous Arabs led to a quiet understanding between the Hashemites and the Israelis that persists to this day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1950, Jordan formally annexed the West Bank, marking a huge change in national identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>King Hussein employed alliances with Israel, Iraq, the US, and the UK, utilized the Arab Legion, and practiced a careful diplomatic balancing act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jordan lost the West Bank during the Six-Day War in 1967 due to external pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rabat Summit declared the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinian people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Following the 1987 Intifada, Jordan withdrew its claim to the West Bank, signaling the death of the Jordanian option.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdullah II acted smartly by helping the US after 9/11 while also maintaining neutrality during the 2003 war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iraq was created as an artificial polity by combining three provinces under a Hashemite king as a result of colonial decisions, particularly by Churchill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The monarchy was violently overthrown by a Sunni Baathist officer, Kassem, during a period of popular discontent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The US aided Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War, supporting Saddam Hussein against Iran.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate consequence was the deposing of Saddam Hussein and the conquest of Baghdad by US forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critics argue it was a mistake due to the ambitious neoconservative ideology and faulty decision-making leading to instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers