Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 1: Physical Properties of Water

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What is the charge of the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

π+

δ− (correct)

δ+

0

What is the arrangement of the oxygen atom's sp3 orbitals in a water molecule?

Linear

Tetrahedral (correct)

Hexagonal

Triangular

What is the term for the directional intermolecular association between water molecules?

Hydrogen bond (correct)

Electrostatic attraction

Van der Waals force

Dipole-dipole interaction

What is the general notation for a hydrogen bond?

D—H···A Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of ice composed of?

A crystal of hydrogen-bonded water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the electrostatic attractions between the dipoles of water molecules?

A strong intermolecular association Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the formation of a 'cage' around a nonpolar solute by water molecules?

To maximize the number of hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the aggregation of nonpolar groups in an aqueous solution?

The nonpolar groups are squeezed out of the aqueous phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of water movement when a solution is separated from pure water by a semipermeable membrane?

From the pure water to the solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the net movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semipermeable membrane in the process of osmosis?

To allow the passage of solvent but not solutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the excellent solubility of polar and ionic materials in water?

The polar character of water Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ionic charge when an ion is solvated?

It is spread over a much larger volume Signup and view all the answers

Why are water-soluble biomolecules able to dissolve in water?

Because they carry functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency of water to minimize its contacts with hydrophobic molecules?

The hydrophobic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydrophobic effect on nonpolar substances in water?

They aggregate in water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is most likely to be insoluble in water?

A methane molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid, according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition?

A substance that can donate a proton Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of an acid?

The resulting substance after an acid donates a proton Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Strong acids are fully dissociated, while weak acids are partially dissociated Signup and view all the answers

How is the pH of a strong acid determined?

Based on the concentration of the strong acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the pH of a weak acid?

pH = pKa + log[HA] - log[H+] Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Ka value in acid-base chemistry?

It is a constant that relates the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the structure of water?

A tetrahedral arrangement of hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of ice compared to liquid water?

Ice is less dense than liquid water Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of liquid water?

A rapidly fluctuating, three-dimensional network Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy of association of two charged groups compared to a covalent bond?

Less than a covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of strength of intermolecular forces?

Covalent >> Ionic > Dipole-Dipole > Dipole-Induced Dipole > London dispersion forces Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for London dispersion forces?

Van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers