Podcast
Questions and Answers
A solution is a ______ mixture of two or more components.
A solution is a ______ mixture of two or more components.
homogenous
The ______ is the substance being dissolved in a solution.
The ______ is the substance being dissolved in a solution.
solute
In a solution, the ______ is the dissolving medium.
In a solution, the ______ is the dissolving medium.
solvent
An ______ solution is one in which the solvent is water (H2O).
An ______ solution is one in which the solvent is water (H2O).
Signup and view all the answers
Solubility refers to the ability of a solute to ______ with a given solvent.
Solubility refers to the ability of a solute to ______ with a given solvent.
Signup and view all the answers
Sodium chloride is ______ soluble in water.
Sodium chloride is ______ soluble in water.
Signup and view all the answers
The structure and polarity of the ______ affect its solubility.
The structure and polarity of the ______ affect its solubility.
Signup and view all the answers
Temperature and pressure are factors that affect ______.
Temperature and pressure are factors that affect ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A solution of HCl is considered to be ______.
A solution of HCl is considered to be ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Each time the pH decreases by 1 pH unit, the concentration of H+ increases by ______ times.
Each time the pH decreases by 1 pH unit, the concentration of H+ increases by ______ times.
Signup and view all the answers
Lemon juice is classified as ______.
Lemon juice is classified as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Pure water has a pH level that is considered ______.
Pure water has a pH level that is considered ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A solution of NaOH is classified as ______.
A solution of NaOH is classified as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Water is considered to be ______, which allows it to dissolve polar solutes.
Water is considered to be ______, which allows it to dissolve polar solutes.
Signup and view all the answers
Sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals consist of positive metal ions such as sodium (Na+) and negative non-metal ions like ______.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals consist of positive metal ions such as sodium (Na+) and negative non-metal ions like ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Vitamin A is considered to be ______ because it is soluble in fats and consists mainly of non-polar C-H bonds.
Vitamin A is considered to be ______ because it is soluble in fats and consists mainly of non-polar C-H bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
Vitamin C contains several ______ bonds, making it water soluble.
Vitamin C contains several ______ bonds, making it water soluble.
Signup and view all the answers
Compounds that dissolve in water are often described as ______ due to their affinity for water.
Compounds that dissolve in water are often described as ______ due to their affinity for water.
Signup and view all the answers
Ethanol is a polar solute that contains ______ bonds.
Ethanol is a polar solute that contains ______ bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
Substances that are generally ______ do not mix well with water and are called non-polar.
Substances that are generally ______ do not mix well with water and are called non-polar.
Signup and view all the answers
Glucose is a sugar that is soluble in water because it includes ______ bonds.
Glucose is a sugar that is soluble in water because it includes ______ bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
OCTANE is an important component in ______.
OCTANE is an important component in ______.
Signup and view all the answers
NON-POLAR SOLUTES are referred to as '______'.
NON-POLAR SOLUTES are referred to as '______'.
Signup and view all the answers
Both benzoic acid and acetic acid have the same '______' (-COOH) group.
Both benzoic acid and acetic acid have the same '______' (-COOH) group.
Signup and view all the answers
Benzoic acid is NOT SOLUBLE IN WATER due to its larger non-polar '______'.
Benzoic acid is NOT SOLUBLE IN WATER due to its larger non-polar '______'.
Signup and view all the answers
Soaps consist of FATTY ACIDS, which have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic '______'.
Soaps consist of FATTY ACIDS, which have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic '______'.
Signup and view all the answers
FATTY ACIDS maximize hydrogen bonding between their hydrophilic heads and ______.
FATTY ACIDS maximize hydrogen bonding between their hydrophilic heads and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fatty acids form structures known as '______'.
Fatty acids form structures known as '______'.
Signup and view all the answers
LARGER NON-POLAR components are less soluble in water compared to smaller ______ components.
LARGER NON-POLAR components are less soluble in water compared to smaller ______ components.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrophilic molecules have more favorable interactions with ______ than with non-polar substances.
Hydrophilic molecules have more favorable interactions with ______ than with non-polar substances.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrophobic molecules are primarily made up of C-C and C-H ______.
Hydrophobic molecules are primarily made up of C-C and C-H ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Water's interaction with polar (hydrophilic) molecules is as favorable as its interaction with ______ itself.
Water's interaction with polar (hydrophilic) molecules is as favorable as its interaction with ______ itself.
Signup and view all the answers
The solubility of solids in water often ______ with increasing temperature.
The solubility of solids in water often ______ with increasing temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
PH is a measure of how ______ or BASIC a solution is.
PH is a measure of how ______ or BASIC a solution is.
Signup and view all the answers
A pH value of less than 7 indicates an ______ solution.
A pH value of less than 7 indicates an ______ solution.
Signup and view all the answers
The solubility of some solids like sodium sulfate decreases with increasing ______.
The solubility of some solids like sodium sulfate decreases with increasing ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Interactions between water and hydrophobic molecules are not as strong as ______-water interactions.
Interactions between water and hydrophobic molecules are not as strong as ______-water interactions.
Signup and view all the answers
A pH value greater than 7 indicates a ______ solution.
A pH value greater than 7 indicates a ______ solution.
Signup and view all the answers
After an oil spill, the oil, which is made of C-C and C-H ______, does not mix with water.
After an oil spill, the oil, which is made of C-C and C-H ______, does not mix with water.
Signup and view all the answers
Water is said to be ______ when it has a pH equal to 7.
Water is said to be ______ when it has a pH equal to 7.
Signup and view all the answers
To determine the impact of temperature on solubility, it is important to examine it ______.
To determine the impact of temperature on solubility, it is important to examine it ______.
Signup and view all the answers
If the concentration of ______+ increases, the pH decreases.
If the concentration of ______+ increases, the pH decreases.
Signup and view all the answers
Each time pH decreases by 1 unit, the solution becomes ______ more acidic.
Each time pH decreases by 1 unit, the solution becomes ______ more acidic.
Signup and view all the answers
An acidic solution is one with a pH less than ______.
An acidic solution is one with a pH less than ______.
Signup and view all the answers
PH is calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+], where ______+ represents the concentration of hydrogen ions.
PH is calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+], where ______+ represents the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Water: Solutions
- Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more components.
- Solution components can be liquids, gases, or solids.
- Solvent is the dissolving medium (usually the major component).
- Solute is the substance being dissolved.
- An aqueous solution is a solution where the solvent is water.
- Water is a common solvent.
- Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve/mix with a given solvent.
- Factors affecting solubility include solute molecule structure/polarity, temperature, and pressure.
- Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents (like water).
- Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Water: Factors Affecting Solubility
- Molecule structure/polarity affects solubility.
- Polar solutes and solvents can form solutions. Examples include sugar and water.
- Salt crystals (e.g., sodium chloride) dissolve in water because they're composed of positive and negative ions, surrounded by water molecules.
- Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents. Vitamin A is an example, as it's primarily composed of non-polar C-H bonds.
- Fats and oils are primarily composed of C-H bonds.
- Solubility of solids in water often increases with increasing temperature, but this is not always the case.
- Solubility of gases in water generally decreases with increasing temperature.
Water: The pH Scale
- pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
- The pH scale generally ranges from 0 to 14.
- Acids have a pH < 7.
- Bases have a pH > 7.
- Water is neutral (pH = 7)
- pH = -log[H+]
- Each time pH decreases by 1 unit, the concentration of H+ increases by 10 times (or 10x more acidic).
- Each time pH increases by 1 unit, the concentration of H+ decreases by 10 times (or 10x more basic).
Additional information
- Soaps are composed of fatty acid molecules.
- Fatty acids have a hydrophilic head (polar -COOH group) and a hydrophobic tail (non-polar hydrocarbon chain).
- Fatty acids align to form micelles, maximizing interactions between hydrophilic heads and water and hydrophobic tails.
- Pressure affects gas solubility. Increasing the pressure of a gas above a liquid increases the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid.
- The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere affects the pH of the oceans, as higher CO2 levels lead to more acidic oceans.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the concepts of solutions, solvents, and solutes in this quiz. Understand how water acts as a solvent, the factors influencing solubility, and the interactions between different types of molecules. Test your knowledge on aqueous solutions and solute behavior.
