Questions and Answers
Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired and when?
The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
Why did many of the Deep South states secede before Lincoln was even sworn in as President?
They did not trust him and feared losing the institution of slavery.
What was Lincoln's goal in fighting the war?
To save the Union at all costs.
What prompted the remaining slave states to vote to secede?
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What were the Third Series Fortifications?
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Why did many of the 'Five Civilized Tribes' side with the Confederacy?
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What were the advantages of the South during the Civil War?
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What were the advantages of the North during the Civil War?
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Study Notes
Civil War Initiation
- First shots fired on April 12, 1861, at Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina.
- Fort Sumter, an arsenal, was targeted by South Carolina militia under PGT Beauregard to supply the Confederate Army.
- Lincoln dispatched U.S. Navy as reinforcements; fort was captured after 34 hours of bombardment.
Reasons for Deep South Secession
- Deep South states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration due to distrust in his anti-slavery stance.
- Secession aimed to protect the institution of slavery from perceived threats under Lincoln’s presidency.
Lincoln's War Objectives
- Lincoln's primary goal was to preserve the Union, transcending the slavery vs. anti-slavery narrative.
- Avoiding framing the war as a moral struggle meant to prevent further secession from slave states.
Expansion of Secession Post-Fort Sumter
- Lincoln's April 15 call for 75,000 militiamen after Fort Sumter prompted a Southern perception of aggression.
- This development induced Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia to secede.
Third Series Fortifications
- Post-Revolution, the U.S. invested in Third Series Fortifications, focusing on protecting strategic locations.
- Built primarily of stone and brick, these fortifications became obsolete during the Civil War due to advances in artillery like the Parrot Gun.
Native American Alliances
- Many "Five Civilized Tribes" sided with the Confederacy due to shared interests, notably the ownership of slaves.
- The Confederacy offered to manage federal payments and included Native American representation in Congress in exchange for troop support.
South's Military Advantages and Challenges
- Confederacy had defensive advantages, talented military leaders, and experienced soldiers.
- However, significant disadvantages included agricultural reliance, factory scarcity, and inadequate transportation leading to supply issues.
North's Military Advantages and Challenges
- The North boasted a robust economy characterized by abundant food supplies and industrial capacity.
- Control of the seas allowed the North to implement a blockade that restricted Southern supplies and impacted morale.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Civil War with these flashcards covering key concepts from APUSH Chapters 20 and 21. Learn about the significant events, including the first shots fired at Fort Sumter and their implications. Perfect for students preparing for the APUSH exam.
