APUSH Chapter 21 Flashcards

Bull Run: Site of the first Civil War battle where both Union and Confederate forces anticipated a short conflict; post-battle, the South aimed for a "90-day war."
Stonewall Jackson: Renowned Confederate military leader from the Battle of Bull Run, earned his nickname for effectively resisting Union advances.
George McClellan: Union Army leader known for his cautious approach, beloved by his troops but criticized for inaction.
Peninsula Campaign: The Union's strategic plan to capture Richmond aimed at quickly ending the war.
Robert E. Lee: Confederate Army commander whose aggressive strategies often resulted in more casualties for his forces.
"Jeb" Stuart: Confederate Cavalry leader noted for his reconnaissance missions that outmaneuvered Union troops.

Seven Days' Battles: Series of conflicts led by Lee to repel the Union advance during the Peninsula Campaign, resulting in significant Union losses.
Anaconda Plan: Union strategy to suffocate the Confederate economy through blockades and territorial division.
Blockade: A naval strategy to prevent supplies from reaching the Confederacy, critical to the Anaconda Plan's success.

Merrimac & Monitor: First ironclad ships that revolutionized naval warfare; Monitor represented Union advancements.
Emancipation Proclamation: Issued by Lincoln, declared freedom for slaves in Confederate states, although it had limited immediate impact.
Butternut Region: Area consisting of the old Northwest and Border States, often opposed to the Emancipation Proclamation.

Frederick Douglass: Former slave who advocated for the enlistment of Black soldiers in the Union Army, leading to the creation of African American regiments.
54th Massachusetts: A distinguished all-Black regiment; faced heavy casualties during the assault on Fort Wagner.
Fort Pillow: Site of a massacre of Black soldiers who surrendered, as the South did not recognize them as legitimate prisoners of war.

Ambrose Burnside: Successor to McClellan, criticized for his leadership during disastrous battles.
Joe Hooker: Took command after Burnside; known for leading forces during the battle where Stonewall Jackson was killed.
George Meade: Assumed leadership just before Gettysburg; his accidental position contributed to the Union victory.

Gettysburg: Significant battle regarded as a turning point in the Civil War; marked the decline of Confederate hopes for victory.
Pickett's Charge: Final Confederate offensive during Gettysburg, characterized as a desperate effort that failed.
Gettysburg Address: Lincoln’s brief but impactful speech delivered during the cemetery dedication after the battle.

Ulysses S. Grant: Central Union figure recognized for his effectiveness as a commander; led significant campaigns throughout the war.
Fort Henry & Fort Donelson: Locations of Grant's initial military successes that established his reputation.
Vicksburg: Important stronghold on the Mississippi River that fell under Union control, crippling the Confederacy's supply lines.

William T. Sherman: Notorious for his "Total War" strategy, exemplified in his March to the Sea from Atlanta to Savannah, aimed at demoralizing the South.
War Democrats vs. Peace Democrats: Divisions within the Democratic Party on how to address the war; the latter sometimes actively obstructed Union efforts.

Appomattox Courthouse: Final location of Lee's surrender to Grant, marking the end of the Civil War, with generous terms offered to Confederate soldiers.
Ford's Theater: Site of Lincoln's assassination by John Wilkes Booth, occurring soon after Confederate surrender.
Lost Cause: Post-war narrative by the South justifying the Confederacy’s actions and attitudes towards slavery, which lost its validity after the war concluded.