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Questions and Answers
What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
What was the Peninsula Campaign?
Union General George B. McClellan's failed attempt to seize Richmond, the Confederate capital.
What historical significance did the battle between the Merrimack and Monitor hold?
Who won the Second Battle of Bull Run?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Antietam?
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What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
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What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
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What was the significance of the Battle of Fredericksburg?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
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What is the Gettysburg Address?
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What was the result of the Siege of Vicksburg?
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What was Sherman's march known for?
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Who was Robert E. Lee?
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What was the role of the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War?
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What were Copperheads?
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Who was John Wilkes Booth?
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Study Notes
Civil War Battles and Campaigns
- Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction): First major battle, Southern victory (July 1861), dashed Northern hopes for a quick war.
- Peninsula Campaign: Union General McClellan's unsuccessful campaign to capture Richmond, the Confederate capital.
- Merrimack and Monitor: Clash of ironclad ships that marked a turning point in naval warfare; their battle in 1862 was historic but inconsequential.
- Second Battle of Bull Run: Major victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, encouraging further incursions into the North (August 1862).
- Battle of Antietam: Significant battle in Maryland, ended in a stalemate but showcased Union strength; prevented foreign support for Confederacy (September 1862).
- Battle of Fredericksburg: Decisive defeat for Union forces against Lee in Virginia (December 1862).
- Battle of Gettysburg: Turning point battle in PA; Union victory thwarted Confederate invasions (July 1863).
- Siege of Vicksburg: Crucial Union victory that secured control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy (July 1863).
- Battle of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson: Key victories for Grant, securing Kentucky for the Union (February 1862).
- Battle of Shiloh: A bloody encounter with over 23,000 casualties; ended in a narrow Union victory (April 1862).
- Wilderness Campaign: Series of violent clashes leading to the fall of Richmond and Lee's surrender (1864-1865).
- Appomattox Courthouse: Location of Lee's surrender to Grant, marking the end of the Civil War (April 1865).
Legislation and Constitutional Changes
- Emancipation Proclamation: Issued in 1863, declared freedom for slaves in rebelling states, impacting slave population and Northern strategy.
- Thirteenth Amendment: Passed in 1865, abolished all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude, requiring ratification for Confederate states to rejoin the Union.
Key Figures
- Ulysses S. Grant: Union general known for his effective tactics; captured Fort Henry and Donelson, pivotal in securing Mississippi.
- Robert E. Lee: Respected commander of Confederate forces; utilized strong strategies to secure early victories.
- George B. McClellan: Excellent organizer, commanded the Army of the Potomac but criticized for his hesitancy in battle.
- William Tecumseh Sherman: Led the destructive "March to the Sea," aimed at crippling the South’s war resources and morale.
- Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson: Earned his nickname for steadfastness during battle, playing a crucial role in Southern victories.
- George Meade: Union general known for his leadership at Gettysburg, replaced Hooker amidst military challenges.
Social and Political Dynamics
- Copperheads: Northern Democrats opposing the war; criticized Lincoln and his policies.
- Union Party: Formed in 1864 as a coalition of pro-war Democrats and Republicans to support the war effort.
- Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War: Established to oversee military affairs and advocate for a more vigorous war approach, highlighting Radical Republican influence.
- Clement L. Vallandigham: Notable Copperhead who faced treason charges for anti-war sentiments, reflecting internal divisions in the North.
- The Man Without a Country: A fictional work that inspired loyalty to the Union, reflecting Northern sentiments during the Civil War.
Significant Events
- Gettysburg Address: Lincoln's speech highlighting the war as a test of the nation's commitment to liberty (1863).
- Reform Bill of 1867: Expanded voting rights in Britain, influenced by the success of the American democracy during the Civil War.
- John Wilkes Booth: Assassinated President Lincoln, marking a critical moment in American history and altering the course of Reconstruction.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms and important figures from Chapter 21 of AP US History. This quiz covers significant events such as the Battle of Bull Run and the Peninsula Campaign, providing a comprehensive overview for students. Perfect for review before exams!
