Questions and Answers
What was the Big Sister policy aimed at?
What was the Great Rapprochement?
A close relationship between the U.S. and Great Britain at the end of the nineteenth century.
What did the McKinley Tariff do?
Who were the insurrectos?
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What happened to the Maine in 1898?
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What did the Teller Amendment proclaim?
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Who organized the Rough Riders?
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What was the purpose of the Anti-Imperialist League?
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What did the Foraker Act establish?
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What did the Insular Cases conclude?
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What was the Platt Amendment?
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What was established by the Open Door note?
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What event did the Boxer Rebellion contribute to?
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What did the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty allow?
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What policy did the Roosevelt Corollary support?
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What was the goal of Josiah Strong's writings?
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What influential work did Alfred Thayer Mahan write?
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Who was James G. Blaine?
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What role did Richard Olney play in U.S. foreign policy?
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Who was Liliuokalani?
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What was Butcher Weyler known for?
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What scandal was Dupuy de Lôme involved in?
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Who was George Dewey?
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What role did Emilio Aguinaldo play?
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What position did William H. Taft hold before becoming president?
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Who was John Hay?
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Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
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Study Notes
Foreign Policies and Relations
- Big Sister Policy: Introduced by Secretary of State James G. Blaine in the 1880s to unify Latin American countries under U.S. leadership and enhance trade.
- Great Rapprochement: Late 19th-century shift toward fostering cordial relations with Great Britain, culminating during World War I.
- Open Door Note: A diplomatic initiative by John Hay (1899-1900) to promote equal trading rights in China, asserting U.S. interests despite lacking a recognized sphere of influence.
Economic Legislation and Tariffs
- McKinley Tariff (1890): Elevated tariffs on Hawaiian sugar, accelerating the push for Hawaii’s annexation.
- Foraker Act (1900): Established limited self-government for Puerto Rico, being the first major legislative measure for territories gained post-Spanish-American War.
Cuban Affairs and the Spanish-American War
- Insurrectos: Cuban rebels fighting for independence from Spain, whose actions jeopardized U.S. business interests.
- Maine: U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, igniting pro-war sentiments despite the incident being accidental.
- Teller Amendment (1898): Claimed that the U.S. would not seek to control Cuba post-war, reflecting anti-imperialist intent of initial war plans.
- Rough Riders: A diverse cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, symbolizing American volunteer spirit.
American Imperialism and Socio-Political Movements
- Anti-Imperialist League (1898-1921): Coalition against American imperialism in the Philippines, comprising various influential social figures.
- Insular Cases (1901-1904): Supreme Court rulings that determined U.S. constitutional rights did not automatically extend to territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
- Platt Amendment (1901): Introduced to Cuba’s constitution, it enabled U.S. intervention and limited Cuba’s foreign dealings, showcasing imperialist ambitions.
Political Figures and Diplomats
- Theodore Roosevelt: A pivotal figure in American imperialism, serving as a Rough Rider and later as President after McKinley’s assassination.
- Alfred Thayer Mahan: Influential naval strategist who stressed the importance of naval power for global dominance in his book from 1890.
- Josiah Strong: Promoted Anglo-Saxon superiority and urged America to spread its religious values abroad, reflecting prevalent imperialist attitudes.
International Conflicts and Treaties
- Boxer Rebellion (1900): An anti-foreigner uprising in China suppressed by an international military coalition, influencing subsequent Chinese governance.
- Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901): Enabled the U.S. to build a Central American canal, casting aside earlier bilateral agreements with Britain.
- Roosevelt Corollary (1904): Extension of the Monroe Doctrine that justified U.S. intervention in Latin America under the guise of maintaining order.
Notable Persons in History
- Liliuokalani: Last queen of Hawaii, deposed by white settlers during a revolt against her autonomy efforts.
- George Dewey: Key naval commander in the Spanish-American War, celebrated for his victory at Manila Bay.
- Emilio Aguinaldo: Filipino revolutionary leader, initially opposed Spanish rule, later leading resistance against American control.
- William H. Taft: Governor of the Philippines who later became President, reflecting a continuity of U.S. territorial policy.
Scandals and Controversies
- "Butcher" Weyler: Spanish general notorious for brutal tactics against Cuban civilians during the insurrection, which inflamed American public sentiment.
- Dupuy de Lôme: Spanish minister whose leaked letter criticizing President McKinley created a diplomatic scandal that fueled calls for war.
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Test your knowledge on key terms and influential figures from APUSH Chapter 27. This set features important policies and historical developments, including the Big Sister policy and the Great Rapprochement. Ideal for students preparing for their exams!
