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Questions and Answers
What common development was absent among the peoples living in what is now the United States before the coming of Europeans?
What common development was absent among the peoples living in what is now the United States before the coming of Europeans?
A common language
Which European country was the first to launch long ocean voyages of exploration?
Which European country was the first to launch long ocean voyages of exploration?
Portugal
What did Christopher Columbus believe when he made his famous voyages to the New World?
What did Christopher Columbus believe when he made his famous voyages to the New World?
He believed that he had reached the Far East
What contributed to the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?
What contributed to the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?
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What was the political system in southern and western Africa before the arrival of Europeans?
What was the political system in southern and western Africa before the arrival of Europeans?
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According to the principles of mercantilism, what should a successful nation do?
According to the principles of mercantilism, what should a successful nation do?
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Who was the German priest that initiated religious dissatisfactions leading to the movement of English Separatists to the New World?
Who was the German priest that initiated religious dissatisfactions leading to the movement of English Separatists to the New World?
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Why did Henry VIII start the English Reformation?
Why did Henry VIII start the English Reformation?
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What did the majority of English Puritans wish to do?
What did the majority of English Puritans wish to do?
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What event was most influential in England's decision to begin New World colonization?
What event was most influential in England's decision to begin New World colonization?
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Where was the first permanent English settlement in the New World established?
Where was the first permanent English settlement in the New World established?
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What characterized civilizations in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus?
What characterized civilizations in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus?
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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas aim to do?
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas aim to do?
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How did the Coureurs des Bois' relationship with Indians differ from that of the English?
How did the Coureurs des Bois' relationship with Indians differ from that of the English?
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According to English assumptions learned in Ireland, what was a key belief regarding colonial settlements?
According to English assumptions learned in Ireland, what was a key belief regarding colonial settlements?
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What system did Virginia change from to begin prospering?
What system did Virginia change from to begin prospering?
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What contributed to the survival and expansion of Virginia?
What contributed to the survival and expansion of Virginia?
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What issue arose from the rapid growth of Virginia's population during the 1600s?
What issue arose from the rapid growth of Virginia's population during the 1600s?
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What initiated Bacon's Rebellion?
What initiated Bacon's Rebellion?
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What was the founding purpose of the Massachusetts Bay colony?
What was the founding purpose of the Massachusetts Bay colony?
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Against whom did James, the Duke of York, have to use military force to take possession of his colony?
Against whom did James, the Duke of York, have to use military force to take possession of his colony?
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What was the purpose of founding the colony of Georgia?
What was the purpose of founding the colony of Georgia?
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What did the English colonization of North America lead to?
What did the English colonization of North America lead to?
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What was one problem that led to a high mortality rate in early Jamestown?
What was one problem that led to a high mortality rate in early Jamestown?
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What did Puritan theology include regarding salvation?
What did Puritan theology include regarding salvation?
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How did slavery emerge in the Chesapeake region?
How did slavery emerge in the Chesapeake region?
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How did Spanish and French colonization patterns differ from those of the English?
How did Spanish and French colonization patterns differ from those of the English?
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What is illustrated by the pairing of the Glorious Revolution and Leisler's Rebellion?
What is illustrated by the pairing of the Glorious Revolution and Leisler's Rebellion?
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What was the purpose of the Dominion of New England?
What was the purpose of the Dominion of New England?
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What did John Winthrop's characterization of Massachusetts Bay as a 'city on a hill' imply?
What did John Winthrop's characterization of Massachusetts Bay as a 'city on a hill' imply?
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Study Notes
Pre-European Societies in the U.S.
- Indigenous peoples did not have a common language before European arrival.
European Exploration
- Portugal was the first European nation to engage in extensive ocean exploration.
- Christopher Columbus mistakenly thought he reached Asia during his voyages.
Spanish Conquest and Disease
- The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was significantly aided by diseases introduced to Native populations.
African Political Systems
- Southern and western Africa were characterized by a network of small and medium-sized regional kingdoms prior to European contact.
Mercantilism
- Under mercantilism, nations aimed to export goods for gold and silver, ensuring financial success.
Religious Movement and the New World
- English Separatists' migration to the New World was influenced by Martin Luther's protests in 1517.
- Henry VIII initiated the English Reformation to obtain a divorce for a new marriage.
- English Puritans sought to purify Anglican worship practices.
Colonization of the New World
- The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 significantly influenced England's decision to colonize the Americas.
- Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in the New World.
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
- The Americas were home to complex and sophisticated civilizations that paralleled European cultures prior to Columbus’ arrival.
Treaty of Tordesillas
- This treaty aimed to divide the Americas between Spain and Portugal for colonization efforts.
French and Native Relationships
- Coureurs des Bois formed cooperative relationships with Native Americans through integration and intermarriage, unlike the English.
English Colonization Attitudes
- English settlers brought the assumption that they should remain separate from Native populations based on experiences in Ireland.
Virginia's Economic Changes
- Virginia prospered by shifting from communal labor to a system of private ownership.
- The region thrived with the successful cultivation of tobacco.
Population Growth and Conflict
- The increase in Virginia’s population during the 1600s resulted in violations of treaties with Native Americans and border conflicts.
Bacon's Rebellion
- This rebellion originated from frontier settlers fighting over land issues with Native Americans.
Massachusetts Bay Colony Foundations
- The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established primarily as a business endeavor.
Conquest of New York
- James, the Duke of York, took control of the colony from the Dutch using military force.
Georgia's Foundation
- The colony of Georgia was established to serve as a military buffer against Spanish forces.
English Colonization Patterns
- The English focused on developing trading centers along the Eastern seaboard of North America.
Jamestown's Initial Struggles
- High mortality rates in Jamestown were, in part, due to prioritizing tobacco cultivation over grain.
Puritan Beliefs
- Puritans believed in predestination, where God determined salvation before birth.
Emergence of Slavery
- Slavery in the Chesapeake region developed as demand for labor increased while the availability of indentured servants declined.
Differing Colonization Patterns
- Spanish and French colonization incorporated Indigenous peoples into their societies, often through intermarriage.
Influence of English Events on Colonies
- The Glorious Revolution in England directly influenced colonial unrest, as seen in Leisler's Rebellion.
Consolidation of Colonial Policies
- The Dominion of New England was an initiative to streamline and centralize colonial governance under the Crown.
John Winthrop's Vision
- Winthrop described Massachusetts Bay as a "city on a hill," implying it would serve as a moral example for others.
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards covering key concepts and events in early American history before European colonization. It includes information about indigenous peoples and significant voyages of exploration. Perfect for reviewing essential topics in AP U.S. History.
