APUSH The American Pageant Ch. 36 Key Terms

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Questions and Answers

What was the Taft-Hartley Act?

A military alliance established in 1949

A law allowing closed shops

A law providing economic aid to Europe

A labor law passed by a Republican-controlled Congress (correct)

What was the goal of Operation Dixie?

To unionize Southern textile and steel workers

What did the Employment Act of 1946 aim to promote?

Maximum employment, production, and purchasing power

What benefits did the GI Bill provide?

Gives veterans housing loans Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sunbelt?

A 15-state region from Virginia to California characterized by population growth Signup and view all the answers

What was Levittown known for?

Efficiently designed and affordable suburbs Signup and view all the answers

What was the demographic impact of the baby boom from 1945 to 1960?

A substantial increase in the birthrate, adding over 50 million babies Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Yalta Conference?

General intentions for the postwar period and plans to defeat the Axis powers Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Cold War?

An ideological struggle between communism and capitalism Signup and view all the answers

What was established at the Bretton Woods Conference?

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Signup and view all the answers

What is the United Nations (U.N.)?

An international body formed to prevent further world wars Signup and view all the answers

What were the Nuremberg war crimes trials?

Proceedings against former Nazi leaders for war crimes Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Berlin airlift?

Successful delivery of food and supplies to West Berlin Signup and view all the answers

What is the containment doctrine?

A foreign policy strategy to isolate the Soviet Union Signup and view all the answers

What is the Truman Doctrine?

Policy of providing aid to countries threatened by communism or totalitarianism Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?

To provide massive economic aid to Europe post-WWII Signup and view all the answers

What is NATO?

A military alliance of Western powers founded in 1949 Signup and view all the answers

What is the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)?

A committee established to investigate disloyalty and communist behavior Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fair Deal?

An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman Signup and view all the answers

What was NSC-68?

A major expansion of the U.S. military and defense budget Signup and view all the answers

What was the Korean War?

Conflict involving North Korea's invasion of South Korea Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benjamin Spock?

A United States pediatrician influential in child care Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Russian leader who created a totalitarian state Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)?

Leader of the Nationalist Party in China Signup and view all the answers

Who was George F. Kennan?

The father of containment strategy during the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

Who was Reinhold Niebuhr?

An influential liberal Protestant clergyman Signup and view all the answers

Who was George C. Marshall?

General and Secretary of State who developed the Marshall Plan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Legislation and Policies

Taft-Hartley Act: Known as the "slave-labor law," prohibited closed shops, held unions liable for damages, and mandated non-communist oaths for union leaders.
Employment Act of 1946: Established government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power; led to the creation of the Council of Economic Advisors.
GI Bill: Provided WWII veterans with benefits such as federally financed college tuition, contributing to higher education and a booming construction industry post-war.
Fair Deal: Harry Truman's proposal to extend the New Deal, advocating for higher minimum wage and full employment; legislative actions were limited due to congressional opposition.

Major Events and Concepts

Operation Dixie: CIO's unsuccessful project aimed at unionizing Southern textile and steel workers, hindered by racial fears.
Yalta Conference: 1945 meeting of the Big Three leaders outlining postwar intentions such as free elections in Eastern Europe and the establishment of the United Nations.
Cold War: The ideological conflict between communism and capitalism characterized by political tensions, an arms race, and indirect conflicts (e.g., Korean and Vietnam Wars).
Bretton Woods Conference: 1944 meeting that established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, marking U.S. commitment to international economic cooperation.
Berlin Airlift: Joint effort by the U.S. and Britain to supply West Berlin with food and materials after Soviet blockades cut off ground access.

International Organizations and Alliances

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): Military alliance formed in 1949 to counter Soviet influence in Europe.
United Nations (U.N.): Formed in 1945 to foster international dialogue and prevent world wars, featuring a Security Council with veto power for the five permanent members.

Economic and Military Actions

Marshall Plan: Proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, it allocated $13 billion to revitalize European economies post-WWII and curb communism's spread.
National Security Council Memorandum Number 68 (NSC-68): A response to the Korean War that called for significant military expansion and redefined American foreign policy's militarization.

Conflict Overview

Korean War: Initiated by North Korea's invasion of South Korea, leading to U.N. intervention. Resulted in a stalemate at the 38th parallel, which remains in place today.

Influential Figures

Joseph Stalin: Totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953 known for purging opposition.
George F. Kennan: Key U.S. diplomat and historian recognized as the "father of containment," advocating a strategy to limit Soviet influence.
Benjamin Spock: Influential pediatrician who impacted child-rearing practices globally with his book "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care."
George C. Marshall: General and Secretary of State, key figure in developing the Marshall Plan.

Cultural References

Baby Boom: Significant increase in U.S. birth rates from 1945-1960, resulting in over 50 million births and shaping consumer markets.
Levittown: Well-designed and affordable suburban neighborhoods that facilitated the post-WWII migration of white families to suburbs.

Governmental Activities

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): Formed in 1938 to investigate perceived disloyalty and communist activities within the U.S.
Nuremberg War Crimes Trial: High-profile trials in 1946 addressing the crimes of Nazi leaders, resulting in executions and lengthy prison sentences.

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Description

This quiz covers key terms from Chapter 36 of 'The American Pageant', focusing on significant legislation and operations related to labor rights during the post-World War II era. It includes important events like the Taft-Hartley Act and Operation Dixie, offering insights into the era's social and political dynamics.