APUSH Chapter 24 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are land grants?

Federally owned acreage granted to the railroad companies to encourage the building of rail lines.

What is the Union Pacific Railroad?

The original transcontinental railroad commissioned by Congress, built its rail line west from Omaha.

What was the Central Pacific Railroad known for?

It was a California-based railroad company that employed Chinese laborers to build lines across the mountains.

Who organized the Great Northern Railroad?

James J. Hill. Signup and view all the answers

What does stock watering refer to?

A dishonest device by which railroad promoters artificially inflated the price of their stocks and bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Wabash Supreme Court case?

It prevented states from regulating railroads or other forms of interstate commerce. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)?

Originally intended to regulate railroads, it was often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry. Signup and view all the answers

What invention revolutionized communication in the late 19th century?

The telephone. Signup and view all the answers

What was Standard Oil known for?

It was the first of the great industrial trusts organized through a principle of 'horizontal integration.' Signup and view all the answers

Who organized the United States Steel Corporation?

J.P. Morgan. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'New South' refer to?

It identified southern promoters' belief in a technologically advanced industrial South. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Colored National Labor Union (CNLU)?

A black labor organization that briefly flourished in the late 1860s. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Knights of Labor?

A secret, ritualistic labor organization that enrolled many skilled and unskilled workers. Signup and view all the answers

What are craft unions?

Skilled labor organizations that were successful in conducting strikes and raising wages. Signup and view all the answers

What does the American Federation of Labor (AFL) represent?

A conservative labor group that successfully organized a minority of American workers. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Leland Stanford?

Former California governor and organizer of the Central Pacific Railroad. Signup and view all the answers

What did Russell Conwell promote?

He was a pro-business clergyman whose 'Acres of Diamonds' speeches criticized the poor. Signup and view all the answers

Who was James J. Hill?

A public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in northern areas served by his rail lines. Signup and view all the answers

What was Cornelius Vanderbilt known for?

An aggressive eastern railroad builder and consolidator. Signup and view all the answers

Who created the romantic image of the new, independent woman?

Charles Dana Gibson. Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell. Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas Edison invent?

Devices such as the electric light, the phonograph, and the motion picture. Signup and view all the answers

What principle did Andrew Carnegie organize his industry on?

Vertical integration. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John D. Rockefeller?

An aggressive energy-industry monopolist. Signup and view all the answers

What was J.P. Morgan's significant achievement?

He was the only businessperson wealthy enough to buy out Andrew Carnegie and organize the United States Steel Corporation. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Grady?

Southern newspaper editor who promoted industrialization as the salvation of the economically backward South. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Terence V. Powderly?

The eloquent leader of a secretive labor organization that made substantial gains in the 1880s. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Graham Sumner?

An intellectual defender of laissez-faire capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John P. Altgeld?

The Illinois governor who pardoned the Haymarket anarchists. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Gompers?

Organizer of a conservative craft-union group. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Land Grants and Railroads

Land grants involved federal acreage allocated to railroad companies to stimulate rail line construction.
Union Pacific Railroad, commissioned by Congress, built its transcontinental rail line westward from Omaha.
Central Pacific Railroad, led by Leland Stanford, utilized Chinese labor for its rail lines across mountainous regions.
Great Northern Railroad, established by James J. Hill, was the northernmost transcontinental line emphasizing economic prudence.

Railroad Regulation and Practices

Stock watering was a deceptive strategy where railroad promoters artificially inflated stock and bond prices.
The Wabash case (1886) ruled that states could not regulate railroads or interstate commerce.
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was formed to oversee rail regulation but often favored stabilizing the industry over strict regulation.

Innovations and Major Companies

The telephone emerged in the late 19th century, revolutionizing communication, with women dominating this new workforce.
Standard Oil became the first major industrial trust, employing horizontal integration to eliminate competition.
United States Steel Corporation (USSC), created when J.P. Morgan acquired Andrew Carnegie's company, marked the first American corporation valued at over one billion dollars.

New South referred to the ideal of a technologically advanced industrial South, promoted by southern advocates.
The Colored National Labor Union (CNLU) represented Black labor interests in the late 1860s.
Knights of Labor was a secretive organization that included both skilled and unskilled workers; it collapsed following the Haymarket Square bombing.
Craft unions, such as carpenters and printers, succeeded in strikes and raising wages focusing on skilled labor.
American Federation of Labor (AFL) organized a specific segment of American workers, often excluding marginalized groups.

Key Figures in Business and Labor

Leland Stanford was a California governor and organizer of the Central Pacific Railroad.
Russell Conwell, a clergyman, delivered "Acres of Diamonds" speeches critiquing poverty.
James J. Hill promoted agriculture among farmers serviced by his rail lines.
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a notable railroad builder known for his aggressive consolidation tactics.
Charles Dana Gibson illustrated the image of the modern, independent woman through his magazine work.

Inventors and Industrial Leaders

Alexander Graham Bell, a former teacher for the deaf, invented the telephone and initiated a new industry.
Thomas Edison, an inventive genius, was responsible for innovations such as the electric light and phonograph.
Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish immigrant, built a vast steel industry via vertical integration.
John D. Rockefeller led the energy industry, employing tough measures to create a horizontal integration trust.
J. Pierpont Morgan was a powerful financier who purchased Andrew Carnegie’s business and formed the USSC.

Henry Grady served as a southern newspaper editor advocating for industrialization as a solution to economic challenges.
Terence V. Powderly led the Knights of Labor, achieving significant successes in the 1880s prior to its downfall.
William Graham Sumner defended laissez-faire capitalism, asserting that wealthy individuals owed nothing to the less fortunate.
John P. Altgeld, Illinois governor, notably pardoned those involved in the Haymarket incident.
Samuel Gompers was a key figure in conservative craft unions, promoting better wages for skilled workers.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 24 of AP U.S. History. Learn about important concepts like land grants and major railroads that shaped America. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in U.S. history.