Questions and Answers
What is Great Britain?
What is common law?
A law established by following earlier judicial decisions.
What does the law of primogeniture establish?
The birthright of the oldest son to inherit the family estate.
What is a joint-stock company?
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What was the enclosure movement?
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What is divine right?
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Who was Oliver Cromwell?
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What was The Restoration?
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What was the Glorious Revolution?
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What did the Toleration Act of 1689 grant?
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What is Jamestown?
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Who was Powhatan?
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Who was John Smith?
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Who was Pocahontas?
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What is the headright policy?
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Who was Sir William Berkeley?
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What was Bacon's Rebellion?
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What is a proprietary colony?
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Who was Sir George Calvert?
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What is Plymouth?
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What are Separatists?
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What is the Mayflower Compact of 1620?
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What is a covenant?
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Who was William Bradford?
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Who were the Puritans?
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What is Massachusetts Bay?
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Who was John Winthrop?
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Who was Roger Williams?
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Who was Anne Hutchinson?
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Who was Thomas Hooker?
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What was the Pequot War?
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What was King Philip's War?
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What was the Tuscarora War?
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What was the Yemassee War?
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What did the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 mandate?
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What is matrilineal descent?
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What is patroonship?
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What is New Netherland?
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What was the Iroquois League?
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What were the Articles of Capitulation?
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Who are Quakers?
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Study Notes
Great Britain
- An island nation consisting of England, Scotland, and Wales.
Common Law
- A legal system predominantly based on precedents set by earlier court decisions.
Law of Primogeniture
- Establishes the right of the eldest son to inherit the family estate.
Joint-Stock Company
- A business entity owned by shareholders who share profits and liabilities.
Enclosure Movement
- The process of converting common lands into private plots, restricting access for communal use.
Divine Right
- The doctrine that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.
Oliver Cromwell
- Key military and political figure in the English Civil War, serving as the leader of the parliamentary forces.
The Restoration
- Restoration of the monarchy in England under Charles II, with ongoing religious conflict.
Glorious Revolution
- A pivotal event resulting in the overthrow of James II and the ascension of William and Mary, restoring the Massachusetts colony's charter.
Toleration Act of 1689
- Legislation granting Puritans the right to practice their religion freely, excluding Catholics.
Jamestown
- Recognized as the first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.
Powhatan
- The Indian chief who founded the Powhatan confederacy, uniting several tribes in eastern Virginia.
John Smith
- Prominent leader of Jamestown, known for his policies promoting labor to ensure survival through harsh winters.
Pocahontas
- Daughter of Powhatan, known for her role as a mediator between Native Americans and English settlers.
Headright Policy
- Incentivized the migration to Virginia by granting land to settlers based on the number of people they brought with them.
Sir William Berkeley
- Colonial governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion, recognized for his leadership and policies.
Bacon's Rebellion
- A 1676 uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon aimed at addressing grievances involving Native American policies and governance.
Proprietary Colony
- A colonial entity owned by a single individual granted authority by the crown.
Sir George Calvert
- Also known as Lord Baltimore, he founded Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics.
Plymouth
- A historic town in Massachusetts established by Pilgrims in 1620, known for the Mayflower Compact.
Separatists
- A faction of Puritans seeking complete separation from the Church of England.
Mayflower Compact of 1620
- An early form of self-governance agreed upon by Pilgrim leaders before settling in Plymouth.
Covenant
- Agreement between parties or nations, often establishing mutual obligations.
William Bradford
- A Pilgrim leader and second governor of Plymouth Colony, instrumental in its survival and prosperity.
Puritans
- A religious group aiming to "purify" the Anglican Church of its Catholic influences.
Massachusetts Bay
- Colony founded by Puritans, known for its strict religious governance, ultimately leading to the establishment of Boston.
John Winthrop
- First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned its mission as a "city upon a hill" representing Puritan ideals.
Roger Williams
- Founded Rhode Island advocating for religious freedom and the separation of church and state.
Anne Hutchinson
- A dissenter who challenged established religious norms, leading to her banishment from Massachusetts.
Thomas Hooker
- Puritan minister who established Connecticut, arguing for limits on the powers of government.
Pequot War (1637)
- Conflict driven by English expansion, resulting in significant losses for the Pequot tribe.
King Philip's War (1675—1676)
- Series of violent confrontations between Native Americans and English settlers, disrupting westward expansion.
Tuscarora War
- Armed conflict in the Carolinas between colonists and the Tuscarora Indians from 1711 to 1713.
Yemassee War
- Conflict sparked by grievances over unfair trade practices and mistreatment of native populations.
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
- Established religious tolerance for all Christians in Maryland despite existing tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
Matrilineal Descent
- A kinship system focusing on the importance of maternal lineage.
Patroonship
- Large feudal estates in early New York granted to individuals who settled groups of people.
New Netherland
- Dutch colony centered around present-day New York City, a significant trading hub.
Iroquois League
- A confederation of Native American tribes, originally consisting of the Five Nations: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
Articles of Capitulation
- Agreements leading to the transfer of New Netherland to British control, resulting in the establishment of New York.
Quakers
- Christian sect founded by George Fox, known for their pacifist beliefs and emphasis on direct experience of God.
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