APUSH Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Great Britain?

  • A country in South America
  • An island comprising England and Scotland and Wales (correct)
  • A continent in Europe
  • A city in the United States
  • What is common law?

    A law established by following earlier judicial decisions.

    What does the law of primogeniture establish?

    The birthright of the oldest son to inherit the family estate.

    What is a joint-stock company?

    <p>A company made up of a group of shareholders who contribute money and share profits and debts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the enclosure movement?

    <p>The practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is divine right?

    <p>The belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Oliver Cromwell?

    <p>An English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was The Restoration?

    <p>The re-establishment of the monarchy in England under Charles II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Glorious Revolution?

    <p>The revolution against James II where Parliament won, and Mary and William of Orange ruled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Toleration Act of 1689 grant?

    <p>Granted Puritans, but not Catholics, the right of free public worship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jamestown?

    <p>The first permanent English settlement in North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Powhatan?

    <p>Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Smith?

    <p>The mayor of Jamestown who put lazy people to work during the summer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Pocahontas?

    <p>The daughter of Powhatan who acted as an intermediary between settlers and Indians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the headright policy?

    <p>A policy granting land to individuals who came to Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Sir William Berkeley?

    <p>The governor of Virginia at the time of Bacon's Rebellion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Bacon's Rebellion?

    <p>A rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley's policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a proprietary colony?

    <p>A colony owned and ruled by one person chosen by a king or queen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Sir George Calvert?

    <p>The founder of the colony of Maryland as a refuge for Catholics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Plymouth?

    <p>A town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Separatists?

    <p>A subgroup of the Puritans who vowed to break completely with the Church of England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mayflower Compact of 1620?

    <p>A formal agreement made by Pilgrim leaders to abide by their own laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a covenant?

    <p>An agreement between two nations or people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was William Bradford?

    <p>A Pilgrim and the second governor of Plymouth colony who helped the colony survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Puritans?

    <p>A Protestant sect in England hoping to purify the Anglican church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Massachusetts Bay?

    <p>A colony settled by the Puritans, eventually becoming Boston.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Winthrop?

    <p>The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, instrumental in forming its government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Roger Williams?

    <p>He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Anne Hutchinson?

    <p>She preached that God communicated directly to individuals and was forced to leave Massachusetts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Thomas Hooker?

    <p>A Puritan minister who led settlers to Connecticut for more government limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Pequot War?

    <p>A conflict in 1637 where colonists killed 700 Pequots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was King Philip's War?

    <p>A series of assaults by King Philip on English settlements from 1675-1676.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Tuscarora War?

    <p>A war in the Carolinas between the Tuscarora Indians and the colonists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Yemassee War?

    <p>A war caused by settlers charging Indians high prices and cheating them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 mandate?

    <p>Mandated the toleration of all Christian denominations in Maryland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is matrilineal descent?

    <p>A kinship system in which only the mother's relatives are significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is patroonship?

    <p>A vast Dutch feudal estate fronting the Hudson River granted to promoters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is New Netherland?

    <p>A Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Iroquois League?

    <p>A league of Iroquois tribes including originally the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Articles of Capitulation?

    <p>Articles written to give New Holland to the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Quakers?

    <p>A Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Great Britain

    • An island nation consisting of England, Scotland, and Wales.

    Common Law

    • A legal system predominantly based on precedents set by earlier court decisions.

    Law of Primogeniture

    • Establishes the right of the eldest son to inherit the family estate.

    Joint-Stock Company

    • A business entity owned by shareholders who share profits and liabilities.

    Enclosure Movement

    • The process of converting common lands into private plots, restricting access for communal use.

    Divine Right

    • The doctrine that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.

    Oliver Cromwell

    • Key military and political figure in the English Civil War, serving as the leader of the parliamentary forces.

    The Restoration

    • Restoration of the monarchy in England under Charles II, with ongoing religious conflict.

    Glorious Revolution

    • A pivotal event resulting in the overthrow of James II and the ascension of William and Mary, restoring the Massachusetts colony's charter.

    Toleration Act of 1689

    • Legislation granting Puritans the right to practice their religion freely, excluding Catholics.

    Jamestown

    • Recognized as the first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.

    Powhatan

    • The Indian chief who founded the Powhatan confederacy, uniting several tribes in eastern Virginia.

    John Smith

    • Prominent leader of Jamestown, known for his policies promoting labor to ensure survival through harsh winters.

    Pocahontas

    • Daughter of Powhatan, known for her role as a mediator between Native Americans and English settlers.

    Headright Policy

    • Incentivized the migration to Virginia by granting land to settlers based on the number of people they brought with them.

    Sir William Berkeley

    • Colonial governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion, recognized for his leadership and policies.

    Bacon's Rebellion

    • A 1676 uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon aimed at addressing grievances involving Native American policies and governance.

    Proprietary Colony

    • A colonial entity owned by a single individual granted authority by the crown.

    Sir George Calvert

    • Also known as Lord Baltimore, he founded Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics.

    Plymouth

    • A historic town in Massachusetts established by Pilgrims in 1620, known for the Mayflower Compact.

    Separatists

    • A faction of Puritans seeking complete separation from the Church of England.

    Mayflower Compact of 1620

    • An early form of self-governance agreed upon by Pilgrim leaders before settling in Plymouth.

    Covenant

    • Agreement between parties or nations, often establishing mutual obligations.

    William Bradford

    • A Pilgrim leader and second governor of Plymouth Colony, instrumental in its survival and prosperity.

    Puritans

    • A religious group aiming to "purify" the Anglican Church of its Catholic influences.

    Massachusetts Bay

    • Colony founded by Puritans, known for its strict religious governance, ultimately leading to the establishment of Boston.

    John Winthrop

    • First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned its mission as a "city upon a hill" representing Puritan ideals.

    Roger Williams

    • Founded Rhode Island advocating for religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

    Anne Hutchinson

    • A dissenter who challenged established religious norms, leading to her banishment from Massachusetts.

    Thomas Hooker

    • Puritan minister who established Connecticut, arguing for limits on the powers of government.

    Pequot War (1637)

    • Conflict driven by English expansion, resulting in significant losses for the Pequot tribe.

    King Philip's War (1675—1676)

    • Series of violent confrontations between Native Americans and English settlers, disrupting westward expansion.

    Tuscarora War

    • Armed conflict in the Carolinas between colonists and the Tuscarora Indians from 1711 to 1713.

    Yemassee War

    • Conflict sparked by grievances over unfair trade practices and mistreatment of native populations.

    Maryland Toleration Act of 1649

    • Established religious tolerance for all Christians in Maryland despite existing tensions between Catholics and Protestants.

    Matrilineal Descent

    • A kinship system focusing on the importance of maternal lineage.

    Patroonship

    • Large feudal estates in early New York granted to individuals who settled groups of people.

    New Netherland

    • Dutch colony centered around present-day New York City, a significant trading hub.

    Iroquois League

    • A confederation of Native American tribes, originally consisting of the Five Nations: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

    Articles of Capitulation

    • Agreements leading to the transfer of New Netherland to British control, resulting in the establishment of New York.

    Quakers

    • Christian sect founded by George Fox, known for their pacifist beliefs and emphasis on direct experience of God.

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    Test your knowledge of key terms from APUSH Chapter 2 with these flashcards. Each term is associated with important historical concepts and legal principles relevant to early American history. Perfect for review or exam preparation.

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