APUSH Chapter 1 Quiz & Flashcards for Mastery

Questions and Answers

What is a matrilinear?

Society with power going through the maternal side.

What is a confederacy?

A weak alliance of peoples.

What is a caravel?

A small vessel with three triangular sails.

What is a plantation?

A large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops using slave labor. Signup and view all the answers

What was encomienda?

Spanish labor system that had Indians sent to plantations. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the mestizo?

People of half Spanish, half Indian descent. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Ice Age affect the Americas?

Glaciers melted, creating the Great Lakes and Mississippi. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Canadian shield?

Rock formation taking up most of what is now Canada and the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What land bridge allowed people to come to the Americas?

The Bering Land Bridge. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first cereal used by Native Americans?

Maize (corn). Signup and view all the answers

How did the less advanced Native American civilizations (north of Mexico) live?

In semi-nomadic, semi-agricultural, and semi-hunting tribes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the oldest mountain range in North America?

The Appalachians. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Anasazis?

Native Americans who lived in what is now the southwestern U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Native American agricultural system called, and what did it contain?

The three-sister farming method using maize, squash, and beans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the belief that the Spaniards attacked, pillaged, and ravaged all Native Americans nonsensically?

The Black Legend. Signup and view all the answers

What was the largest Anasazi pueblo?

The Bonito Canyon Pueblo. Signup and view all the answers

Which two Spanish monarchs were reigning during Columbus' request and what kingdoms did they unite?

Isabella and Ferdinand; they united Castile and Aragon. Signup and view all the answers

What treaty split up the Americas between Spain and Portugal?

The Treaty of Tordesillas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Aztec capital?

Tenochtitlan. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Pueblo uprising in rejection of Christianity called?

Pope's Rebellion. Signup and view all the answers

What is June 30th, 1520 known as and why?

It is known as the noche triste because it is the day Cortes and native allies conquered Tenochtitlan. Signup and view all the answers

Who started a chain of missions in California?

Serra. Signup and view all the answers

What does the book cite as the Native American population before Columbus?

4 million. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the prehistoric inland sea whose present remnant is the Great Salt Lake?

Lake Bonneville. Signup and view all the answers

Which Portuguese navigators first used caravels to circumvent the African coast?

Dias and de Gama. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Cabot?

An English navigator who explored the North American coast. Signup and view all the answers

Who explored the Southern U.S. (New Mexico, Arizona, Texas)?

Coronado. Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the god Cortes was mistaken as?

Quetzalcoatl. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Aztec ruler during Cortes' arrival?

Moctezuma. Signup and view all the answers

Name the major four Native American civilizations and describe them.

Aztecs, Inca, Maya, and Iroquois. Signup and view all the answers

What was Cahokia?

Huge city on the Mississippi known for its large mounds. Signup and view all the answers

Who created the Iroquois Confederacy?

Iroquois leader Hiawatha. Signup and view all the answers

What is the trading of New and Old World cultures called?

The Columbian Exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What is (GGG) and how did it affect Spanish Conquistadors?

GGG stands for gold, glory, and god; reasons for conquest. Signup and view all the answers

What did Balboa do?

He crossed Panama and discovered the Pacific. Signup and view all the answers

What did Magellan do?

His crew circumnavigated the Earth. Signup and view all the answers

Who searched for the fountain of youth?

Spaniard Juan Ponce de Leon. Signup and view all the answers

Who crossed the Mississippi in search for gold?

Hernando de Soto. Signup and view all the answers

How did Spain gain so much silver?

Mines, mostly the Potosi mine in Bolivia. Signup and view all the answers

What Native American helped Cortes?

Malinche. Signup and view all the answers

Who did France send to the eastern seaboard?

Verrazano. Signup and view all the answers

Who went up the St. Lawrence River?

French Cartier. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Spanish halt French/English advancements in the Americas?

They established a base in Florida and sent Coronado on expeditions. Signup and view all the answers

Who led men to New Mexico where they massacred Pueblo people in the Battle of Acoma?

Don Juan. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pueblo temple of worship?

Kivas. Signup and view all the answers

What French explorer explored the Mississippi?

Robert de La Salle. Signup and view all the answers

Who founded San Diego?

Father Junipero Serra. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Early American History

Matrilinear Society: Power and inheritance flow through the maternal line, exemplified by the Iroquois.
Confederacy: A weak alliance of tribes or peoples, as seen with the Iroquois Confederacy.
Caravel: A small, maneuverable ship with three triangular sails developed by the Portuguese for oceanic navigation.
Plantation: Large agricultural estates primarily focused on cash crops, heavily reliant on enslaved labor, particularly in the West Indies.
Encomienda System: Spanish labor system exploiting Native Americans for labor under the guise of conversion to Christianity.

Native American Identities and Cultures

Mestizo: Mixed heritage individuals, specifically of Spanish and Indigenous descent.
Anasazis: Native American civilization in the Southwestern U.S., known for their cliff dwellings, particularly in the Southwest.
Three-Sister Farming: A sustainable agricultural method using maize, squash, and beans, promoting soil fertility and diversity.
Pueblo Revolt: Also known as Pope's Rebellion, a revolt by Pueblo people against Spanish colonization and forced conversion.

Geographic and Environmental Impacts

Great Ice Age: Melting glaciers carved the Great Lakes and Mississippi River, shaping North American geography.
Canadian Shield: A large rock formation covering parts of Canada and the northern U.S, consisting mostly of igneous rock.
Lake Bonneville: A prehistoric inland sea whose remaining feature is the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

Major Civilizations and Explorations

Native American Population Pre-Columbus: Estimated at 4 million.
Aztecs: Advanced civilization centered in Mexico, notable for impressive mathematical and astronomical knowledge.
Inca: Empire in Peru known for an extensive road network, ultimately conquered by Pizarro.
Maya: Civilization that thrived with achievements in math and astronomy, particularly known for their calendar and pyramids.

European Exploration and Conquest

Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal, with Spain receiving the majority of territories.
Columbus: Significant figure in European exploration, falsely viewed by the Aztecs as the god Quetzalcoatl upon arrival.
Hernán Cortés: Conqueror of the Aztec Empire; the fall of Tenochtitlan was marked by "noche triste."
Magellan: His expedition became the first to circumnavigate the Earth.
Spanish Conquistadors: Driven by "Gold, Glory, and God," leading to widespread conquest and colonization.

Religious and Cultural Exchanges

Black Legend: The narrative depicting Spanish colonizers as oppressors of Native Americans, often exaggerating their brutality.
Columbian Exchange: The transfer of plants, animals, cultures, human populations, technology, and ideas between the New World and the Old World.

Important Figures and Events

Don Juan de Oñate: Led violent expeditions in the Southwest, notably the massacre at the Battle of Acoma.
Father Junipero Serra: Established missions in California, founding San Diego.
Robert de La Salle: French explorer known for navigating the Mississippi River and claiming the region for France.
Malinche: Native American woman who served as an interpreter and advisor to Cortés during the conquest of the Aztecs.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from APUSH Chapter 1 with these flashcards. Explore important terms such as matrilinear societies, confederacies, and caravel vessels, all of which shaped early American history. Perfect for students preparing for AP US History exams.

APUSH Chapter 1 Quiz Flashcards