Approches Psychologiques

Approches Psychologiques

• Psychanalytique de Freud:
  • Two key concepts: the conscious and unconscious mind.
  • Structure of the mind: id, ego, and superego.
  • Psychosexual stages of development.
• Phénoménologique de Rogers:
  • Focus on the self-concept and self-actualization.
  • Congruence between self-perception and experience is key.
  • Unconditional positive regard promotes growth.
• Des Traits de personnalité (Costa & McCrae):
  • Five fundamental personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN).
  • Traits influence actions based on context.
• Béhaviorale:
  • Classical and operant conditioning.
  • Learning through rewards and punishments.
  • Observable behaviours are central.
• Sociocognitive:
  • Focus on beliefs, expectations, and self-regulation.
  • Reciprocal determinism: interactions between environment, person, and behavior.
  • Social learning through modeling and observation.

Croissance et Développement

• Psychanalytique de Freud:
  • Psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital).
  • Developmental conflicts influence personality.
• Phénoménologique de Rogers:
  • Focus on continuous positive growth.
  • Importance of self-concept throughout life.
• Des Traits de personnalité:
  • Traits relatively stable across lifespan, impacted by adaptation to contexts.
• Béhaviorale:
  • Continuous learning and skill acquisition through experience.
• Sociocognitive:
  • Development of schemas and reasoning skills from childhood to adulthood.

Psychopathologie

• Psychanalytique de Freud:
  • Fixation at stages leads to specific conflicts.
  • Symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts.
• Phénoménologique de Rogers:
  • Incongruence between self and experience creates anxiety.
  • A lack of positive regard leads to defensiveness.
• Des traits de personnalité:
  • Extreme levels of personality traits can lead to negative outcomes.
• Béhaviorale:
  • Disorders are learned through maladaptive patterns.
• Sociocognitive:
  • Irrational beliefs or schemas can lead to emotional and behavioural problems.

Changement

• Psychanalytique de Freud:
  • Therapy focuses on uncovering and resolving unconscious conflicts.
• Phénoménologique de Rogers:
  • Therapy promotes congruence.
• Des traits de personnalité:
  • Therapy helps manage and adapt to undesirable traits.
• Béhaviorale:
  • Therapy focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors.
• Sociocognitive:
  • Therapy helps reshape dysfunctional thought patterns and beliefs.

Ce quiz explore différentes approches psychologiques clés, y compris la psychanalyse de Freud, la théorie phénoménologique de Rogers, et les traits de personnalité selon Costa et McCrae. En outre, il aborde les concepts comportementalistes et sociocognitifs qui influencent notre compréhension de la psychologie humaine. Testez vos connaissances sur ces fondements psychologiques variés.