Psychological Approaches Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the Biological Approach seek to understand?

  • Observable behavior patterns
  • Philosophical roles of consciousness
  • Genetic characteristics in behavior
  • Interactions between brain physiology and behavior (correct)

Which approach emphasizes that particular behaviors are attributed to genetically-based psychological characteristics?

  • Cognitive Approach
  • Biological Approach
  • Humanistic Approach
  • Behavioral Genetics Approach (correct)

What does the Cognitive Approach focus on?

  • Observable behavior
  • Genetic analysis
  • Cultural influences
  • Thought processes and perceptions (correct)

The Humanistic Approach is rooted in what philosophical tradition?

<p>Studying free will and consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach, what plays a crucial role in personality development?

<p>Childhood experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ Approach believes that the environment greatly influences behavior.

<p>Sociocultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Evolutionary Approach?

<p>Adaptive behavior for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

<p>It is located deep within the brain at the top of the brain stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of the science of psychology?

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Abraham Maslow propose?

<p>Self-actualization via hierarchy of needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Locke proposed that humans are born as a 'tabula rasa', or blank slate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behaviorist is known for using the Skinner Box in experiments?

<p>B.F. Skinner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dualism?

<p>It divides the world into body and spirit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does classical conditioning involve?

<p>Learning in which behavior is elicited by a formerly neutral stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dualism

The philosophical idea that separates the mind and body into two distinct entities.

Brain

The central nervous system's control center, essential for all behavior and mental processes.

Rene Descartes

A French philosopher famous for proposing that mind and body interact through the pineal gland.

Pineal Gland

A small structure in the brain that sits atop the brainstem. Descartes believed it was the point where mind and body interacted.

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John Locke

An English philosopher who believed that humans are born as blank slates, learning from experience. This concept is known as 'tabula rasa'.

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Empiricism

The belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience and observation. Empiricism is fundamental to scientific research.

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Thomas Hobbes

An English philosopher who emphasized the role of nature (biology) in human behavior, influencing the development of behaviorism.

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Natural Selection

The theory explaining the evolution of life through natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This theory laid the foundation for evolutionary psychology.

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Wilhelm Wundt

Considered the father of experimental psychology, Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany, marking the beginning of psychology as a science.

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Edward Titchener

A student of Wundt, Edward Titchener founded a U.S. psychology lab and contributed to the school of thought called structuralism.

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William James

An American psychologist who challenged structuralism by focusing on the functions of the mind, its role in adapting to the environment. He is credited with founding functionalism.

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Classical Conditioning

A learning process discovered by Ivan Pavlov, where a previously neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a conditioned response. This process is essentially learned associations.

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B.F. Skinner

A prominent behaviorist who extensively studied animal behavior using the Skinner Box, demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning.

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Self-Actualization

The process of realizing and accepting one's full potential, embracing strengths and weaknesses.

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Study Notes

Psychological Approaches Overview

  • Biological Approach: Examines the relationship between brain anatomy/physiology and behavior.
  • Behavioral Genetics Approach: Attributes specific behaviors to genetically-based psychological traits.
  • Behavioral Approach: Focuses on the study of observable behaviors.
  • Cognitive Approach: Emphasizes understanding behavior through individual environmental interpretation and thought processes.
  • Humanistic Approach: Investigates consciousness, free will, and self-awareness to study the human experience.
  • Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach: Sigmund Freud's theory highlighting the conscious vs. unconscious mind, emphasizing childhood experiences in personality development.
  • Sociocultural Approach: Considers the influence of a person's environment and cultural context on behavior and perception.
  • Evolutionary Approach: Based on Darwin's theories, explaining behavior through the lens of survival and adaptability.

Key Concepts and Figures

  • Dualism: The philosophical idea dividing existence into body and spirit.
  • Brain: The central nervous system's command center crucial for behavior.
  • Rene Descartes: Proposed interaction between mind and body via the pineal gland; viewed animals as mechanistic.
  • Pineal Gland: Brain structure positioned atop the brainstem, implicated in mind-body interaction.
  • John Locke: Empiricist philosopher advocating the tabula rasa concept, suggesting humans start as blank slates.
  • Thomas Hobbes: Emphasized nature's role in human behavior, influencing behaviorism.
  • Empiricism: The belief in gaining knowledge through observation and experience.
  • Charles Darwin: Developed the theory of Natural Selection, foundational for evolutionary psychology.
  • Wilhelm Wundt: Established psychology as a science; opened the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.
  • Edward Titchener: Wundt's student; contributed to structuralism after founding a U.S. psychology lab.
  • William James: American psychologist credited with creating functionalism, countering structuralism.

Learning Theories

  • Classical Conditioning: A learning process identified by Ivan Pavlov, where neutral stimuli elicit conditioned responses.
  • B.F. Skinner: Behaviorist who utilized the Skinner Box for experimental studies on behavior.
  • Abraham Maslow: Introduced self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs, depicted as a pyramid.
  • Self-Actualization: The process of realizing and accepting one's own strengths and limitations.
  • Carl Rogers: Proposed unconditional positive regard as essential for achieving a healthy self-concept and self-actualization.

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Description

Explore various psychological approaches in this quiz. From the Biological Approach to Behavioral Genetics, this quiz covers key concepts and definitions essential for understanding psychology. Test your knowledge and reinforce your learning about these foundational perspectives.

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