Questions and Answers
What does the Biological Approach seek to understand?
Which approach emphasizes that particular behaviors are attributed to genetically-based psychological characteristics?
What does the Cognitive Approach focus on?
The Humanistic Approach is rooted in what philosophical tradition?
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According to the Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach, what plays a crucial role in personality development?
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The _____ Approach believes that the environment greatly influences behavior.
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What is the focus of the Evolutionary Approach?
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What is the function of the pineal gland?
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Who is considered the founder of the science of psychology?
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What concept did Abraham Maslow propose?
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John Locke proposed that humans are born as a 'tabula rasa', or blank slate.
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Which behaviorist is known for using the Skinner Box in experiments?
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What is dualism?
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What does classical conditioning involve?
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Study Notes
Psychological Approaches Overview
- Biological Approach: Examines the relationship between brain anatomy/physiology and behavior.
- Behavioral Genetics Approach: Attributes specific behaviors to genetically-based psychological traits.
- Behavioral Approach: Focuses on the study of observable behaviors.
- Cognitive Approach: Emphasizes understanding behavior through individual environmental interpretation and thought processes.
- Humanistic Approach: Investigates consciousness, free will, and self-awareness to study the human experience.
- Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach: Sigmund Freud's theory highlighting the conscious vs. unconscious mind, emphasizing childhood experiences in personality development.
- Sociocultural Approach: Considers the influence of a person's environment and cultural context on behavior and perception.
- Evolutionary Approach: Based on Darwin's theories, explaining behavior through the lens of survival and adaptability.
Key Concepts and Figures
- Dualism: The philosophical idea dividing existence into body and spirit.
- Brain: The central nervous system's command center crucial for behavior.
- Rene Descartes: Proposed interaction between mind and body via the pineal gland; viewed animals as mechanistic.
- Pineal Gland: Brain structure positioned atop the brainstem, implicated in mind-body interaction.
- John Locke: Empiricist philosopher advocating the tabula rasa concept, suggesting humans start as blank slates.
- Thomas Hobbes: Emphasized nature's role in human behavior, influencing behaviorism.
- Empiricism: The belief in gaining knowledge through observation and experience.
- Charles Darwin: Developed the theory of Natural Selection, foundational for evolutionary psychology.
- Wilhelm Wundt: Established psychology as a science; opened the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.
- Edward Titchener: Wundt's student; contributed to structuralism after founding a U.S. psychology lab.
- William James: American psychologist credited with creating functionalism, countering structuralism.
Learning Theories
- Classical Conditioning: A learning process identified by Ivan Pavlov, where neutral stimuli elicit conditioned responses.
- B.F. Skinner: Behaviorist who utilized the Skinner Box for experimental studies on behavior.
- Abraham Maslow: Introduced self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs, depicted as a pyramid.
- Self-Actualization: The process of realizing and accepting one's own strengths and limitations.
- Carl Rogers: Proposed unconditional positive regard as essential for achieving a healthy self-concept and self-actualization.
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Description
Explore various psychological approaches in this quiz. From the Biological Approach to Behavioral Genetics, this quiz covers key concepts and definitions essential for understanding psychology. Test your knowledge and reinforce your learning about these foundational perspectives.
