Questions and Answers
Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
What contributed to the great dying in the Americas?
Native Americans' lack of immunity to European and African diseases
What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?
Ranching economies
How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?
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What is an example of the Columbian exchange?
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What was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?
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What happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?
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In which empire did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?
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Which policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?
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What offered Christian men a means of upward mobility within the Ottoman Empire?
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What event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand in the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds?
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Why were Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain the first to expand into the New World?
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What resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
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Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?
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What motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
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What describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in Central Asia?
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How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands?
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What policies did Mughal ruler Akbar favor?
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What was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?
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What was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?
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Study Notes
Empire Distinctions
- Western European empires distinguished by maritime expansion initiatives.
The Great Dying
- Native Americans suffered high mortality rates due to lack of immunity against European and African diseases.
Ranching Economies
- Introduction of domesticated animals contributed to the formation of ranching economies in the Americas.
Silver's Impact on Trade
- Silver from Mexican and Peruvian mines facilitated European purchases of Chinese goods such as tea, silk, and porcelain.
Columbian Exchange
- Key example of the Columbian Exchange: the inclusion of corn and potatoes in the diets of Afro-Eurasia.
Russian Expansion
- Russia’s territorial expansion starting in the sixteenth century aimed to secure its borders from threats.
Native Population Outcomes
- Native populations in Siberia and the steppes experienced assimilation due to Russian imperial expansion.
State Formation in Russia
- Expansion of the Russian Empire coincided with the development of a distinct state identity.
Hindu Opposition to Mughal Rule
- Reinstatement of the jizya tax fueled Hindu resistance to Mughal authority by the late seventeenth century.
Christian Mobility in the Ottoman Empire
- Devshirme system provided a pathway for Christian men to ascend socially within the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Conquests
- The 1453 conquest of Constantinople marked a significant point indicating Islamic dominance over the region.
Initial New World Expansion
- Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain led early explorations to the Americas due to their geographic proximity along the Atlantic coast.
Westernization in Russia
- Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries fostered a program dedicated to Westernization.
Native American Alliances
- Some Native American groups collaborated with Spanish forces during the New World invasion to gain an upper hand over their rivals.
European Motivations for Exploration
- Competitions among European nations spurred motivations for exploration across the Atlantic.
Qing Policy in Central Asia
- Qing China adopted a strategy of cultural respect towards the diverse cultures within its central Asian territories.
Impact on Nomadic Peoples
- Chinese and Russian expansions diminished the political independence and economic welfare of steppe-dwelling nomadic groups.
Akbar's Cultural Policies
- Mughal ruler Akbar implemented policies fostering a cosmopolitan culture blending Indian, Persian, and Turkic elements.
Ottoman Christian Autonomy
- The Ottoman policy allowed Christian communities in southeastern Europe considerable autonomy in their social and religious practices.
Establishment of European Empires
- Formation of European empires in the Americas led to the creation of an Atlantic world that connected multiple continents.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chapter 13 of AP World History: Ways of the World. This quiz covers key concepts such as the distinct empires of Western Europe and the impact of diseases on Native Americans. Perfect for reviewing important historical themes and events.
