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Questions and Answers
What was Yohan Gutenberg responsible for creating?
Printing press
What is a secular movement?
Non-religious movement
What was the protectionist economic process that made the mother country wealthy?
Mercantilism
The principles of Russian social and economic relied on what?
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What type of political structure developed in Russia after the Mongols?
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How would you describe Japan's reaction to the arrival of the Europeans?
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What allowed explorers to have money?
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What was the only region of Africa that sold whites?
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Where were the whites from?
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What was the slave's journey across the Atlantic called?
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What was the primary basis for the social hierarchy?
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What dynasty in China decided to shut down Zang Hai?
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Because of exploration, the exchange of crops and animals is called what?
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What was the slave trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa known as?
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In what year did the Ottoman Empire gain control of the Byzantine Empire?
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Name a region of the Americas that received more Africans than others.
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Of the 3 Muslim states, which was the greatest threat to Europe?
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What dominated economically in New Spain?
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Who gets colonial rights in India?
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Name 3 of the 5 original European countries.
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What was the main cash crop in Brazil?
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What was the main cash crop in Britain?
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In what year did Christopher Columbus discover the islands?
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Who financed Columbus' voyage?
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What did Martin Luther start with the 95 Theses?
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What were 3 of Luther's criticisms of the Catholic religion?
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What England monarchy was the Anglican Church established by?
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Name 2 supporters of the sun-centered universe.
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When was Jamestown founded?
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When did the Protestant Reformation begin?
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Name 4 contributors to the Renaissance.
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What must one pass to become a member of the scholar gentry?
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What allows Europe to dominate the globe from 1450-1750?
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What do slaves, serfs, and peasants all have in common?
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What part of the world did the slaves mostly come from?
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From a European perspective, what was the purpose of the slave trade?
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Cortez, Pizarro, and Fernando were all what?
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What was the cause of economic inflation in Europe?
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List the social class levels of New Spain from top to bottom.
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What did Peter bring to Russia?
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What branch of Christianity was practiced in Russia?
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What country drifted to parliamentary monarchy?
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What happened to the native population?
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Study Notes
Printing Press
- Created by Johann Gutenberg, revolutionized the production of books and spread of information.
Renaissance Movement
- Characterized as a secular movement focusing on humanism, arts, and sciences rather than religious themes.
Mercantilism
- An economic policy where the mother country seeks to accumulate wealth through trade and regulation of colonial resources.
Serfdom
- Russian economy and society relied heavily on the institution of serfdom, binding peasants to land and landlords.
Absolute Monarchy
- Following the Mongol period, Russia established a centralized form of governance, characterized by absolute monarchy.
Japan's Isolation
- Japan responded to European arrival by implementing isolationist policies, limiting foreign influence and trade.
Joint Stock Company
- Financial organizations that allowed multiple investors to fund voyages and exploration, spreading financial risk.
South Africa's Settlement
- Notable for being the only African territory that allowed European settlers, particularly the Dutch.
Dutch Settlement
- The white settlers in South Africa were primarily from the Netherlands, contributing to the colonial landscape.
Middle Passage
- The horrific sea journey undertaken by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
Social Hierarchy
- Race became the primary determinant of social status in colonial societies, significantly impacting societal structures.
Ming Dynasty
- The Chinese dynasty that closed its borders to explorers, notably ceasing the voyages of Zeng He (Zhang He).
Columbian Exchange
- A vast transfer of crops, animals, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds following European exploration.
Triangular Trade
- The system of trade connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, facilitating the movement of enslaved people.
Ottoman Empire
- Gained control of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, marking a significant shift in power dynamics in Eastern Europe.
Economic Dominance in New Spain
- The economy was primarily driven by agriculture, particularly silver production and cultivation of crops.
Colonial Rights in India
- Britain emerged as the key colonial power, establishing rights to rule and exploit resources in India.
Early European Powers
- The original five major European colonial powers included France, Britain, and Spain, among others.
Cash Crops in Brazil
- Sugarcane stood as the primary cash crop in Brazil, heavily dependent on slave labor for production.
Major Cash Crop in Britain
- Tobacco became the pivotal cash crop in British colonies, driving economic expansion.
Christopher Columbus
- Discovered the Caribbean islands in 1492, initiating the widespread European colonization of the Americas.
Financing Columbus
- Spain, specifically under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, provided the funding for Columbus' voyages.
Protestant Reformation
- Initiated by Martin Luther's 95 Theses, challenging Catholic Church practices and doctrines.
Luther's Critiques
- Criticized the sale of indulgences, the celibacy of clergy, and advocated for services in the vernacular.
Anglican Church Formation
- Established during the reign of Henry VIII as a result of political and religious upheaval in England.
Supporters of Heliocentric Theory
- Figures such as Copernicus and Galileo promoted the sun-centered universe concept, challenging traditional views.
Jamestown Foundation
- Established in 1607, Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Beginning of Protestant Reformation
- The year 1517 marks the start of the Protestant Reformation with Martin Luther's pivotal actions.
Renaissance Figures
- Contributors to the Renaissance included artists and thinkers like Raphael, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, and Machiavelli.
Scholar Gentry Membership
- To join the scholar gentry class in China, individuals must successfully pass the civil service exam.
European Domination
- Technological advancements from 1450-1750 equipped Europe with the means to dominate global trade and exploration.
Commonality of Subjugated Classes
- Slaves, serfs, and peasants shared a lack of rights, facing exploitation across different societies.
Origins of Enslaved People
- The majority of enslaved individuals forcibly taken from Africa came from the western regions.
Purpose of the Slave Trade
- Viewed by Europeans as the cheapest source of labor, leading to extensive exploitation of enslaved populations.
Notable Explorers
- Cortez, Pizarro, and Ferdinand were key explorers impacting the New World through conquests and colonization.
Economic Inflation Causes
- The influx of gold and silver from colonies contributed significantly to economic inflation in Europe.
Social Stratification in New Spain
- The social hierarchy in New Spain included Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattos, Free Natives, and Slaves.
Russian Expansion Under Peter
- Peter the Great's reign marked a period of territorial expansion and modernization in Russia.
Russian Christianity
- The Orthodox branch of Christianity was predominantly practiced in Russia, distinguishing it from Western Christianity.
British Political Shift
- Britain transitioned towards a parliamentary monarchy, limiting the powers of the monarchy and expanding civil rights.
Native Population Decline
- The arrival of Europeans led to a dramatic decrease in the indigenous population primarily due to diseases.
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Description
Prepare for your AP World History exam with this Unit 4 review quiz. Test your knowledge on key concepts such as the printing press, secular movements, mercantilism, and serfdom. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding of significant historical movements and economic practices.
