AP World History Chapter 21 Quiz

Soviet Model of Industrialization

• Chinese leaders criticized the Soviet model for fostering individualistic and careerist values.

Soviet Reforms and Economic Challenges

• Soviet reforms failed due to dismantling the planned economy before establishing a functioning market-based system.

Ongoing International Tensions

• Tensions linked to communism persist in East Asia and the Caribbean in the twenty-first century.

Cold War Influence on Post-Colonial Countries

• The U.S. and the Soviet Union provided military and economic aid to newly independent nations to gain support during the Cold War.

Cuba's Communist Path

• Cuba became a member of the "second world" of communist countries without Soviet military intervention.

Afghanistan as a Conflict Arena

• Afghanistan served as a battlefield between Soviet-backed communist forces and U.S.-backed resistance forces.

Global Communism and Ideology

• Various expressions of global communism derived from a common ideology rooted in European Marxism.

Values of Socialist Modernity

• Communism emphasized equality as a prominent value in the socialist modernity of its states.

Glasnost's Impact on Eastern Europe

• The Soviet policy of glasnost led to demonstrations that ultimately toppled communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

Ethnic Conflicts Post-Soviet Union

• The collapse of the Soviet Union triggered open conflicts among different ethnic groups within the same state.

Tiananmen Incident and Soviet Terror

• The search for "enemies of the people" during the Soviet Terror mirrored events like the Tiananmen Incident in China.

Revolutionary Visions

• Both the Russian and Chinese revolutions shared a vision of a good society in a modernizing future akin to the French Revolution.

Criticism of 1930s Soviet Policies

• Criticisms highlighted the failure of Soviet policy to eliminate classes, as new classes emerged despite promises.

Soviet Terror Language

• During the Soviet Terror, the phrase "Land Improvement" was used to describe activities in gulag camps.

Revolutionary Prisoner Experience

• A revolutionary imprisoned during the Great Purges expressed a struggle to maintain dignity in horrific conditions.

Symbolism of Color in Communism

• The color red symbolizes the new society created by the communist revolution in China.

World War I's Role in the Russian Revolution

• The pressures of World War I contributed significantly to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution.

Relations Among Communist States

• Relations among communist-controlled countries often featured bitter conflicts that undermined solidarity.

Chinese Communist Party Strategy

• Strategies employed by the Chinese Communist Party included land reform and guerrilla warfare.

Military-Industrial Complex Influence

• Cold War tensions strengthened the military-industrial complex's influence over U.S. and Soviet governments.

Departure from Marxist Theory

• Twentieth-century communist movements diverged from Marxist theory by occurring in predominantly agrarian societies.

Collectivization in the Soviet Union

• Soviet collectivization of agriculture involved significant violence and the targeting of wealthier peasants.

China's Modernization Challenges

• China's larger population made modernization efforts more complex compared to those in Russia.

Warsaw Pact Formation

• The Warsaw Pact unified the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist nations during the Cold War.

Women's Policies in Communist States

• Policies toward women in both Soviet and Chinese contexts were primarily state-directed.

Bolshevik Victory Factors

• The success of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War was bolstered by divisions among their opponents.

Consequences of Mao's Campaigns

• Mao's Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution resulted in the deaths of millions and significant discrediting of communism.

Bolshevik Promises in 1917

• The Bolsheviks' promise of worker control over factories resonated deeply with the Russian populace in 1917.

Common Features of Communist States

• Most communist states featured mass organizations that were controlled by the Communist Party.

Deng Xiaoping's Economic Reforms

• Reforms under Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s led to rapid economic growth by adopting capitalist models.

Peasant Focus of Chinese Revolution

• Unlike Russia, the Chinese communist revolution concentrated on gaining peasant support in the countryside.

Foreign Investment in Reforms

• Both Soviet and Chinese reforms in the 1980s and 1990s embraced foreign investment in joint enterprises.

American Global Influence Post-WWII

• Following World War II, America's global influence grew due to a productive economy untouched by war's destruction.