AP Psychology Modules 6-7 Flashcards

A measure of the extent to which two variables change together and thus of how well either variable predicts the other.

A statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.0 to +1.0).

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.

<p>The perception of a relationship where none exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-1.0, +1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation does not prove causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We may forget that they are random and instead see them as correlated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unlike correlational studies, which uncover naturally occurring relationships, an experiment manipulates variables to determine its effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phenomenon where participants experience improvement in condition due to their belief in the efficacy of a treatment, often a placebo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure that every member of the population had an equal chance of being selected to participate in the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mode, mean, and median.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Representative samples, less-variable observations, and more cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measures of variation tell us how diverse data are, such as range and standard deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By ensuring the sample is representative, observations have low variability, consists of more cases, and the difference was statistically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is the minimum result typically considered statistically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Summarizes data; determines if data can be generalized to other populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data, while inferential statistics help determine whether results can be generalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experimental procedure in which both the participants and staff are ignorant about who received the treatment or placebo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any effect on behaviors caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experimental factor manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups, including measures of central tendency and measures of variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The middle score in a distribution; half of the scores are above it and half are below it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerical data that allow one to generalize from sample data the probability of something being true of a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A woman believes that pit bulls are inherently dangerous based on news reports of dog attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent variable is the administration of the drug, while the dependent variable is the impact the drug has on cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean: 15.75; Mode: 21; Median: 16.5.</p> Signup and view all the answers