A&P Chapters 6-9 Review Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?

  • Support
  • Mineral storage
  • Protection of internal organs (correct)
  • Movement

    • Bone tissue can be described as _______

    dense, hard connective tissue

    Without red marrow, bones would not be able to _______

    make blood cells

    Yellow marrow has been identified as ______

    <p>an area of fat storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be found in areas of movement?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeletal system is made up of _____

    <p>bones and cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most bones in the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as _______

    <p>short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ______

    <p>tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ______ bones

    <p>irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of bone is most numerous in the skeleton?

    <p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ______

    <p>lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occurs in the spongy bone?

    <p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphysis contains_______

    <p>fat stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ______

    <p>periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone?

    <p>Lamellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are ONLY found in cancellous bone?

    <p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone markings?

    <p>hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cartilage slow to heal?

    <p>No blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?

    <p>Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?

    <p>They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

    <p>Flat bones of the cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bones grow in length due to activity in the _____

    <p>epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation_______

    <p>beneath the periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?

    <p>Calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fracture can be both _____

    <p>Open and transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a fracture's diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream?

    <p>the yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a compound fracture, ____

    <p>broken bone pierces the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal and external calli are replaced by _____

    <p>trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is _____ bone

    <p>spongy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wolff's law predicts____

    <p>a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ______ is lacking

    <p>vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following foods is best for bone?

    <p>Leafy green vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?

    <p>Estrogen and testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?

    <p>Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except

    <p>Thyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Supports trunk of body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The axial skeleton____

    <p>forms the vertical axis of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a bone of the brain case?

    <p>Parietal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the _____

    <p>occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This cranial fossa has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

    <p>Middle fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

    <p>Sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parts of the sphenoid bone include the _____

    <p>sella turcica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bony openings of the skull include the _______

    <p>hypoglossal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ____ vertebrae

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary curvatures of the vertebral column are remnants of the original _____ ____

    <p>fetal curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A typical vertebra has ______ that spans between the transverse process and spinous process

    <p>lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A typical lumbar vertebrae has a ________, _______ spinous process

    <p>short rounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is found only in the cervical region of the vertebral column?

    <p>Bifid spinous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternum has the _____ ____ located between the manubrium and body

    <p>sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternal angle is the _____

    <p>junction between the manubrium and sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tubercle of a rib is for articulation with the transverse process of the _____ vertebra

    <p>thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True ribs are attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embryonic development of the axial skeleton involves______ _____, which form the ribs and sternum

    <p>endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

    <p>fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?

    <p>Sternal end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shoulder separation results from injury to the _____

    <p>acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature lies between the spine and the superior border of the scapula?

    <p>supraspinous fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?

    <p>acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly

    <p>coracoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined?

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus?

    <p>greater tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint?

    <p>capitulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the lateral most carpal bone of the proximal row?

    <p>scaphoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ bone has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

    <p>radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone?

    <p>ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following supports body weight when sitting?

    <p>ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures?

    <p>lesser and greater sciatic notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

    <p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments?

    <p>lesser trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure contributes to the knee joint?

    <p>medial condyle of the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?

    <p>talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes?

    <p>26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

    <p>tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event takes places during the seventh week of development?

    <p>the rotation of the limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the endochondral ossification of a long bone, growth of the _______ ______ will produce bone lengthening

    <p>epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Develops via intramembranous ossification

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an intervertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?

    <p>Amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis?

    <p>Manubriosternal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?

    <p>Metacarpophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ joints are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

    <p>synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula?

    <p>Syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a wide fibrous joint is _________

    <p>the interosseous membrane of the foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gomphosis _______

    <p>anchors a tooth to the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ joint is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage

    <p>cartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ is found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage

    <p>synchondrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are joined by a symphysis?

    <p>Adjacent vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a _____

    <p>Synchondrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints provide the greatest range of motion?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for only uniaxial movement?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of synovial joint?

    <p>Plane joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone

    <p>bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At _____ joints, the joint cavity is filled with a thick, lubricating fluid

    <p>synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a synovial joint, the synovial membrane ______

    <p>secretes the lubricating synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ joints include the radiocarpal joint

    <p>Condyloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal System Functions

    • Protection of internal organs is crucial in situations like car accidents.
    • Bone tissue is dense, hard connective tissue integral to the skeletal system.

    Bone Marrow and Blood Production

    • Red marrow is essential for blood cell production; its absence halts this function.
    • Yellow marrow serves as a fat storage area.

    Types of Bones

    • The skeletal system consists of bones and cartilage.
    • Long bones dominate the skeleton; however, the bones in the wrist are considered short bones.
    • Sesamoid bones are embedded within tendons.

    Bone Classifications

    • Irregular bones protect the spinal cord, while long bones facilitate movement by acting as levers.
    • Cancellous bone is where hematopoiesis occurs, and trabeculae are only found in this area.

    Bone Structure and Development

    • Diaphysis contains fat stores; periosteum is the fibrous membrane covering bone surfaces.
    • Osteoblasts and osteocytes do not replicate due to their essential functions and origins.

    Bone Growth and Repair

    • Endochondral ossification leads to chondrocyte death, forming the medullary cavity.
    • Intramembranous ossification primarily forms flat bones in the cranium.
    • Bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate for length and beneath the periosteum for diameter.

    Fractures and Healing Process

    • Fractures can be both open and transverse, and may release fat globules from damaged yellow marrow.
    • Compound fractures pierce the skin, and healing begins with spongy bone formation, shifted towards trabecular bone.

    Hormonal Influence on Bones

    • Wolff's law demonstrates how mechanical forces influence bone remodeling based on activity patterns.
    • Calcium absorption is influenced by vitamin D, and hormonal balance is maintained by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.

    Axial Skeleton Features

    • The axial skeleton supports the trunk and includes key structures such as the vertebral column and cranial bones.
    • Parietal bones are part of the braincase; the lambdoid suture connects parietal and occipital bones.

    Vertebral Column and Ribs

    • The cervical region has seven vertebrae; primary curvatures relate to fetal development.
    • True ribs articulate directly with the sternum, while endochondral ossification forms the axial skeleton.

    Upper and Lower Limb Anatomy

    • The shoulder involves the acromioclavicular joint; the clavicle articulates with the manubrium.
    • The hip bone consists of three fused bones; ilium forms the superior part, ischial tuberosity supports body weight.

    Joints Classification and Types

    • Joints include amphiarthrosis between vertebrae, synarthrosis at the manubriosternal joint, and biaxial diarthrosis at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
    • Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity, while specific types like syndesmosis connect fibula and tibia.

    Bursa and Joint Functionality

    • Bursae reduce friction between structures, while synovial membranes secrete lubricating fluid essential for joint function.

    Motion and Range

    • Ball-and-socket joints provide the widest range of motion, unlike hinge joints that allow uniaxial movement.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 6 to 9 of Anatomy & Physiology. Focus on the skeletal system's functions, bone tissue characteristics, and the role of bone marrow. Perfect for students preparing for exams or needing a quick review.

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