Questions and Answers
Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?
Bone tissue can be described as _______
dense, hard connective tissue
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to _______
make blood cells
Yellow marrow has been identified as ______
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Which of the following can be found in areas of movement?
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The skeletal system is made up of _____
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Most bones in the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as _______
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Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ______
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Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ______ bones
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Which category of bone is most numerous in the skeleton?
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Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ______
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Which occurs in the spongy bone?
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The diaphysis contains_______
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The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ______
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Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis?
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Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells?
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Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone?
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Which of the following are ONLY found in cancellous bone?
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The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone markings?
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Why is cartilage slow to heal?
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Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?
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In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?
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Which of the following bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
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Bones grow in length due to activity in the _____
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Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation_______
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Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?
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A fracture can be both _____
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How can a fracture's diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream?
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In a compound fracture, ____
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The internal and external calli are replaced by _____
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The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is _____ bone
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Wolff's law predicts____
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Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ______ is lacking
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Which one of the following foods is best for bone?
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Which of the following are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?
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With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?
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When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected?
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All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except
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Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?
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Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?
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Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
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The axial skeleton____
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Which of the following is a bone of the brain case?
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The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the _____
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This cranial fossa has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum
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Air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only
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Parts of the sphenoid bone include the _____
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The bony openings of the skull include the _______
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The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ____ vertebrae
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The primary curvatures of the vertebral column are remnants of the original _____ ____
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A typical vertebra has ______ that spans between the transverse process and spinous process
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A typical lumbar vertebrae has a ________, _______ spinous process
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Which is found only in the cervical region of the vertebral column?
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The sternum has the _____ ____ located between the manubrium and body
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The sternal angle is the _____
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The tubercle of a rib is for articulation with the transverse process of the _____ vertebra
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True ribs are attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum.
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Embryonic development of the axial skeleton involves______ _____, which form the ribs and sternum
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The area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones
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Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
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A shoulder separation results from injury to the _____
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Which feature lies between the spine and the superior border of the scapula?
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What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?
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Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly
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How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined?
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Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus?
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Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint?
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Which is the lateral most carpal bone of the proximal row?
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The _____ bone has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
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How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?
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Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone?
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Which of the following supports body weight when sitting?
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The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures?
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The _____ has a subpubic angle that is larger in females
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Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments?
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What structure contributes to the knee joint?
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Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?
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What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes?
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The ____ is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane
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Which event takes places during the seventh week of development?
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During the endochondral ossification of a long bone, growth of the _______ ______ will produce bone lengthening
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Develops via intramembranous ossification
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The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an intervertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?
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Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis?
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Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?
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_______ joints are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity
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Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula?
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An example of a wide fibrous joint is _________
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A gomphosis _______
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A _______ joint is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage
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A _______ is found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage
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Which of the following are joined by a symphysis?
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The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a _____
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Which joints provide the greatest range of motion?
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Which type of joint allows for only uniaxial movement?
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Which of the following is a type of synovial joint?
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A _____ prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone
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At _____ joints, the joint cavity is filled with a thick, lubricating fluid
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At a synovial joint, the synovial membrane ______
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_______ joints include the radiocarpal joint
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Functions
- Protection of internal organs is crucial in situations like car accidents.
- Bone tissue is dense, hard connective tissue integral to the skeletal system.
Bone Marrow and Blood Production
- Red marrow is essential for blood cell production; its absence halts this function.
- Yellow marrow serves as a fat storage area.
Types of Bones
- The skeletal system consists of bones and cartilage.
- Long bones dominate the skeleton; however, the bones in the wrist are considered short bones.
- Sesamoid bones are embedded within tendons.
Bone Classifications
- Irregular bones protect the spinal cord, while long bones facilitate movement by acting as levers.
- Cancellous bone is where hematopoiesis occurs, and trabeculae are only found in this area.
Bone Structure and Development
- Diaphysis contains fat stores; periosteum is the fibrous membrane covering bone surfaces.
- Osteoblasts and osteocytes do not replicate due to their essential functions and origins.
Bone Growth and Repair
- Endochondral ossification leads to chondrocyte death, forming the medullary cavity.
- Intramembranous ossification primarily forms flat bones in the cranium.
- Bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate for length and beneath the periosteum for diameter.
Fractures and Healing Process
- Fractures can be both open and transverse, and may release fat globules from damaged yellow marrow.
- Compound fractures pierce the skin, and healing begins with spongy bone formation, shifted towards trabecular bone.
Hormonal Influence on Bones
- Wolff's law demonstrates how mechanical forces influence bone remodeling based on activity patterns.
- Calcium absorption is influenced by vitamin D, and hormonal balance is maintained by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.
Axial Skeleton Features
- The axial skeleton supports the trunk and includes key structures such as the vertebral column and cranial bones.
- Parietal bones are part of the braincase; the lambdoid suture connects parietal and occipital bones.
Vertebral Column and Ribs
- The cervical region has seven vertebrae; primary curvatures relate to fetal development.
- True ribs articulate directly with the sternum, while endochondral ossification forms the axial skeleton.
Upper and Lower Limb Anatomy
- The shoulder involves the acromioclavicular joint; the clavicle articulates with the manubrium.
- The hip bone consists of three fused bones; ilium forms the superior part, ischial tuberosity supports body weight.
Joints Classification and Types
- Joints include amphiarthrosis between vertebrae, synarthrosis at the manubriosternal joint, and biaxial diarthrosis at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
- Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity, while specific types like syndesmosis connect fibula and tibia.
Bursa and Joint Functionality
- Bursae reduce friction between structures, while synovial membranes secrete lubricating fluid essential for joint function.
Motion and Range
- Ball-and-socket joints provide the widest range of motion, unlike hinge joints that allow uniaxial movement.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 6 to 9 of Anatomy & Physiology. Focus on the skeletal system's functions, bone tissue characteristics, and the role of bone marrow. Perfect for students preparing for exams or needing a quick review.